BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
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Motivating Employees
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BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
- 1. * * Chapter Ten Motivating Employees McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
- 3. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Rewards * * The Value of Motivation 10- Intrinsic = Inside Feeling of Job Well Done Pride Sense of Achievement Extrinsic = Outside Praise Recognition Promotions Gifts
- 6. FRINGE BENEFITS Perks Offered to Employees at Top 50 Employers * * Source: Business Week, www.businessweek.com Recognizing a Job Well Done LG7 10-
- 12. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY of NEEDS * * LG3 Motivation and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 10-
- 16. HERZBERG’S MOTIVATORS and HYGIENE FACTORS * * LG4 Herzberg’s Motivating Factors 10- Motivators Hygiene Factors Work itself Company policy and administration Achievement Supervision Recognition Working conditions Responsibility Interpersonal relations Growth and advancement Salary, status and job security
- 17. COMPARISON of the THEORIES of MASLOW and HERZBERG * * LG4 Herzberg’s Motivating Factors 10-
- 22. THEORY Z * * LG5 Ouchi’s Theory Z 10-
- 27. REINFORCEMENT THEORY * * LG6 Reinforcing Employee Performance: Reinforcement Theory 10-
- 35. WHAT’S GOOD for YOU Most Positive Remedies for Employee Morale * * Recognizing a Job Well Done LG7 10-
- 36. WHAT’S BAD for YOU Most Negative Actions for Employee Morale * * Recognizing a Job Well Done LG7 10-
- 40. The BEST COMPANIES for WORKERS * * Source: Fortune Magazine, www.fortune.com Motivating Employees Across Generations LG8 10- Company Location NetApp Sunnyvale, California Edward Jones St. Louis, Missouri Boston Consulting Group Boston, Massachusetts Google Mountain View, California Wegmans Food Markets Rochester, New York Cisco Systems San Jose, California
- 41. Review Only
- 48. EXPECTANCY THEORY * * LG6 Meeting Employee Expectations: Expectancy Theory 10-
Notas do Editor
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- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management. Intrinsic means from within; when you have a drive to succeed and are motivated by purpose, passion, and mission.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management. Intrinsic means from within; when you have a drive to succeed and are motivated by purpose, passion, and mission.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management. Extrinsic rewards are often temporary and driven by money, recognition and results.
- Fringe Benefits This slide displays the most common perks or rewards used by companies to motivate employees. Other examples of extrinsic rewards include the following: Pay Improved working environment or conditions Status Security While these rewards do offer some value, there is much research that indicates many problems with extrinsic motivation. Share with the students some of those ideas: Extrinsic rewards do not produce permanent changes Extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic interest The use of extrinsic rewards can be controlling Reinforcement of extrinsic rewards can lead to expectations of permanence in the form of job rewards.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management. Taylor was looking for the most efficient way or the one right way to do something. Workers were, in a sense, thought of as machines that could be fine tuned.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management.
- See Learning Goal 2: Describe the Hawthorne studies and their significance to management. The Hawthorne studies were conducted in Cicero, Illinois at the Western Electric plant over a six year period.
- See Learning Goal 3: Identify the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and apply them to employee motivation.
- See Learning Goal 3: Identify the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and apply them to employee motivation. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs This slide reproduces the illustration of Maslow’s Hierarchy from the chapter. Most people in the class, especially those that have taken basic psychology, may be familiar with Maslow and the premise of human needs hierarchy. Use this opportunity to relate Maslow’s need theory to the work environment: Workers require competitive salaries, benefits and clean work environments. Employees have the need for security against termination in their jobs and the feeling of being safe against bodily harm while performing their job functions. On the job, workers have the need to feel a part of a successful group, driven by achievement. Employees seek opportunities for advancement, empowerment, recognition, and responsibility through additional work-related performance. Companies must attempt to satisfy these needs through opportunities within the organization.
- See Learning Goal 4: Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg.
- See Learning Goal 4: Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg. Herzberg’s article in the Harvard Business Review, “One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?” is a classic and explores his idea of job content in depth.
- See Learning Goal 4: Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg.
- See Learning Goal 4: Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg. Herzberg’s Theory This slide illustrates another “need” theory regarding workers and their job needs. This theory is based on what an organization can do to fulfill the individual needs of workers while motivating them to excel. The key component of Herzberg’s work was the opposite of “satisfaction” is “no satisfaction.” If the basic hygiene factors were not in place, a worker is not satisfied. To have a satisfied, motivated workforce, a company needs to provide the following: Achievement Recognition Work Itself Responsibility Advancement Growth
- See Learning Goal 4: Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg. Comparison of the Theories of Maslow and Herzberg This slide gives students a good starting point to see the relationship between Maslow and Herzberg. To start a discussion ask students if they are motivated by money? This question always starts a discussion with most students stating that money is a real motivating factor. Follow-up this discussion with the following: If you dislike your current job and your boss offers you more money will it change your feelings about your job in the long run?
- See Learning Goal 5: Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z. McGregor’s Theories Theory X suggests that employees dislike work, avoid responsibility, have little ambition, and are motivated by threat and fear. Theory Y argues that people like work, seek responsibility, and are motivated by empowerment. If a manager believes theory X or Theory Y, s/he would tend to treat the employees accordingly. Ask the students: Would you be a Theory X or Y manager? How do you believe employees should be treated? Would you prefer to work for a Theory X or Y manager? (The majority if not all would say they would rather work for a Theory Y manager. It should be pointed out that how a manager treats employees is often dictated by the situation. A manager may hold Theory Y values but may have to use Theory X perspective depending upon the situation with the employee.)
- See Learning Goal 5: Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
- See Learning Goal 5: Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
- See Learning Goal 5: Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
- See Learning Goal 5: Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories. Peter Drucker developed the idea of MBO in his 1954 book The Practice of Management.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories. Organizations Using MBO Management By Objectives (MBO) was popularized by Peter Drucker in the 1950s. Ask students: What are the benefits of MBO? (This theory is based on the notion that setting attainable goals with all employees of the organization will create more support for the goals leading to greater motivation.) To better understand Peter Drucker visit the following website: http://www.druckerinstitute.com/
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition. Herzberg argued factors such as responsibility, achievement and recognition were more important motivational factors in the long-run than pay. He believed that if you wanted to motivate employees you should focus on enriching the job.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition. Remember rewarding performance can come in different formats than money. What are other ways to recognize good performance?
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition. High Performance Teams This slide presents characteristics of high performance teams. This list is compiled from the Wall Street Journal on high performance teams. Ask the students in teams to explore these characteristics as they relate to teams they have been on. Which of these characteristics apply to their team and which are lacking? What modifications do they need to make to move towards being a high performance team?
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition. What’s Good for You This slide offers simple tips for motivating employees in your business. A motto to remember is the Golden Rule: Treat others like you want to be treated. Ask the students where the recommendations in the slide fit in Maslow’s or Herzberg’s theories.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition. What’s Bad for You This slide ties into the previous slide and offers tips on what to avoid in order to enhance employee morale. Ask students why these factors negatively impact employee morale.
- See Learning Goal 8: Show how managers personalize motivation strategies to appeal to employees across the global and across generations. Managers must consider cultural differences, and they must also contend with employees in different age groups. To start a discussion ask students what issues they may encounter if they managed employees from Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y?
- See Learning Goal 8: Show how managers personalize motivation strategies to appeal to employees across the global and across generations.
- See Learning Goal 8: Show how managers personalize motivation strategies to appeal to employees across the global and across generations.
- See Learning Goal 8: Show how managers personalize motivation strategies to appeal to employees across the global and across generations. The Best Companies for Workers This list is generated by Fortune Magazine . Ask students: What makes a company “employee friendly”? (Answers will vary) Use the Fortune research to profile one or all of the companies, so students can understand what programs these companies have implemented to enhance worker satisfaction.
- What are several steps firms can take to increase internal communications and motivation? To increase communication managers can: Reward listening across the organization, train supervisors and managers to listen use effective questioning techniques, remove barriers to communication, avoid vague and ambiguous communication, make it easy to communicate, and ask employees what is important to them. Focusing on communication is important, but managers can also focus on job enrichment such as skill variety and task significance. What problems may emerge when firms try to implement participative management? Participative management if implemented properly can be successful, but like everything in life, there are benefits and weaknesses to this type of management style. One problem with this approach is that it is difficult to implement and workers may spend more time formulating suggestions than actually solving the problem at hand. Why is it important to adjust motivational styles to individual employees? Are there any general principles of motivation that today’s managers should follow? In today’s multicultural workplace managers cannot use one motivational formula for all employees. While they must adjust motivational styles, it is essential that managers give all employees the keys to do a good job: the tools, right information, and the right amount of cooperation. Motivating employees across cultures and generations can be simple if managers acknowledge a job well done.
- What are the similarities and differences between Taylor’s time-motion studies and Mayo’s Hawthorne studies? Frederick Taylor’s time-motion studies measured output. Taylor inspired the Hawthorne studies. Originally Elton Mayo wanted to determine the optimal level of lighting necessary to increase production on the factory floor which is a type of scientific management. He later determined that people who were empowered worked harder. Ultimately his study brought about behavioral management. How did Mayo’s findings influence scientific management? The findings at Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois completely changed how people thought about employees and motivation. One finding was that money was not a primary motivator. These new assumptions led to to many theories about the human side of motivation. Explain the distinction between what Herzberg called motivators and hygiene factors. As Herzberg studied the results of his research study he concluded that motivators made employees productive and gave them satisfaction. These factors related to job content. Hygiene factors related to the job environment and could, if left unattended, cause employee dissatisfaction but would not provide long term motivation. Hygiene factors include such things as pay and working conditions.
- Briefly explain the managerial attitudes behind Theories X, Y and Z. Douglas McGregor developed Theories X and Y after observing that managers’ attitudes fall into one of two different assumptions. Theory X assumes the following: People dislike work and will avoid work. workers must be forced, controlled, directed or threatened with punishment to make them work towards the organization’s goals., average worker prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has little ambition and wants security, and the primary motivators are fear and money. Theory Y managers have completely different views on managing people. Theory Y managers believe: Most people like to work, depth of a person’s commitment to goals depends on the perceived rewards for achieving them., under certain circumstances people will seek responsibility., employees tend to be imaginative, creative, and clever, and employees are motivated by a variety of rewards. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi of UCLA and is a blending of American management style, Theory A, with Japanese management style, Theory J into Theory Z. 2. E xplain goal-setting theory. The idea behind goal-setting theory is the process of setting attainable goals to motivate employees and improve performance. The key to goal-setting theory is that the goals must be accepted and accompanied by feedback to truly be effective. 3. Evaluate expectancy theory. When could expectancy theory apply to your efforts or lack of effort? Victor Vroom created the expectancy theory. His central premise was the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome. He contends that employees will ask three specific questions before committing maximum effort: Can I accomplish the task? If I do accomplish it, what’s my reward? Is the reward worth the effort? Like goal-setting theory the key to expectancy theory is setting attainable goals. If the goal is not attainable employees will simply give up, thus reducing motivation. 4. Explain the principles of equity theory. Equity theory looks at how employee’s perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform. Employees will try to balance or maintain equity between what they put into the job and what they get out of it, comparing those inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management.
- See Learning Goal 1: Explain Taylor’s scientific management. Are You Stressed? Employers can often spot impending stress or on-the-job stress by understanding the signs listed. Ask the students: Have you experienced any of these symptoms when trying to juggle your academic, professional, and personal lives? What did you do to cope with the rigors of stress? Share the following tips for reducing stress: Learn to plan. Recognize and accept limits. Be a positive person. Learn to tolerate and forgive. Avoid unnecessary competition. Get regular exercise. Learn a systematic, drug-free method of relaxing. Change your thinking. Source: UTexas.edu
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories. Victor Vroom developed the expectancy theory.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 6: Explain the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
- See Learning Goal 7: Show how managers put motivation theories into action through such strategies as job enrichment, open communication, and job recognition.
- See Learning Goal 8: Show how managers personalize motivation strategies to appeal to employees across the global and across generations. In a globalized world managers must recognize that what is appropriate in one culture might not work in another.