4. Outline
• Motivation
• Introduction
• Concepts
• Pedagogical Objectives
• Operator & Method
• Dynamic Task
• Converting a Plan into a Course
• Performance & Discussion 4
5. Introduction
• Middle way between above studying ways
• Course generator
• Content organized by pedagogical principles
• Problems of existing course generators
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6. Introduction
• PAIGOS, web-based course generator on math study
• Using novel techniques from
• Semantic web
• Artificial intelligence
• Technology-enhanced learning
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11. Concepts
• Hierarchical Task Network Planning
• An HTN planning problem consists of
• An initial state
• Logical atoms
• The initial task network
• A domain description
– Planning operators: (:operator h P D A)
– Methods: (:method h L1 T1 L2 T2 . . .Ln Tn)
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14. Operators and Methods
• An assignment expression (assign ?var t) binds ?var to
the term t.
• Basic operator (:operator (!insertResource ?r) () ()
((inserted ?r))). no precondition and delete list. It adds
a logical atom to the world state that describes that a
resource ?r was inserted into the course
• Insert method
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15. Dynamic Tasks
• Dilemma: The sequence of contents leading to his goal
has been structured in advance but the assumptions
about the learner become invalid in real time
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16. Dynamic Tasks
• Extended the planner in such a way that planning may
stop at the level of specially marked tasks (dynamic
tasks)
• These tasks are inserted into the course like any other
reference to a learning object
• When the learner first visits a page that contains a
dynamic task, this task is passed on to the course
generator
• Dynamic subtask is not natively supported
• Solution: Dynamic Items
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17. Dynamic Items
• Dynamic tasks are simulated by (:operator
(!dynamicTask ?ped Obj ?refs) ()()())
• No precondition for the Operator to perform this task
• Operator creates a special element called dynamic
item when applied
• Latter when course is presented, dynamic item on the
page will pass the associated dynamic task to the
course generator
• By this way, some contents of the next page to be
viewed are inserted dynamically 17
18. Converting a Plan into a Course
• After plan found, generate a course, a table of
contents
• PAIGOS represents courses using the element
omgroup from OMDoc Standard, a semantic
knowledge representation for math documents
• But omgroup is independent of math domain, which
can be easily map to other data structures
• Omgroup consist of metadata information like author
and title of the element, references to other OMDoc
elements, omgroup elements and dynamic items.
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