Sustainable Cloud Computing for the "Green IT Awareness Week 2012"

Green Cloud: Can the cloud revolution help
ICT sustainability, too?
Green IT Awareness Week 2012
Donato Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service

© D. Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service 1

Acquisti & Sostenibilità - Proserpina Business Service

http://www.proserpina-impresa.eu/

SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
BEARABLE EQUITABLE
ENVIRONMENTAL VIABLE ECONOMIC
STEWARDSHIP SUSTAINABILITY PROSPERITY

CULTURE
AWARENESS

http://www.acquistiesostenibilita.org/

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© D. ed il ri-editing ad hoc – Vers. 1.2 del 7.Maggio.2012 2

The Environmental Benefits of Moving
to the Cloud
Accenture, Microsoft and WSP
Environment & Energy study:
– “Businesses that move apps to the
cloud can cut energy consumption
and CO2 emissions by 30+ %
versus on premise.
– SME up to 90%”.
– focused on applications
for e-mail, CRM and
content sharing


SalesForce: Cloud based

• WSP’s study for Salesforce:
“salesforce.com customers emit 95% less
carbon, on average, by using the ‘cloud’”
In 2010
Salesforce.com's
customers saved:
170,900 tonnes of
CO2 emissions.

WSP Environment & Energy :
March 2011 research study

& carbon calculator.
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From SalesForce to CloudApps
CloudApps’ efficiency platform :
• Helps organizations cut transport-related costs and emissions,
get sustainability and CSR reporting
• Add a “bit of spice and competition” between employees in
reducing individual footprints – gamification & social networking


Google’s Green Computing:
Efficiency at Scale
• Google declares that Gmail (cloud based) can be up
to 80 times more energy efficient than an on
premise solution.
• Google used: 2,26TWh in 2010

SME:
50 PC

Google is a “carbon neutral company”,
25% renewable energy in 2011,
Google's Green Computing: Efficiency at Scale
planning >35% by 2012.


CDP & Verdantix “Cloud Computing:
The IT Solution for the 21st Century”

• large US companies
that use cloud computing
will be able to save
$12.3bn in energy costs
and 85.7 million metric
tons of CO2 emissions
annually by 2020.
• The energy savings
are enough to power 5.7
million cars for one year.
Cloud Computing – The IT Solution for the 21st Century


The Green Grid Mission
• To become the global authority on
resource efficient data centers and
business computing ecosystems.
• Green Grid-created metrics such as:
– Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE™),
– Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE™),
• and the development of others including:
– Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE™),
– Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE™),
– Data Center Productivity (DCP).


Leverage termal waste from data center:
GreenGrid Energy Reuse Effectiveness (ERE)

• IBM (CH) for GIB (2009): a small D.C. (reusing a bunker in
central location) heat a public pool.
• IBM & Syracuse University (2009): cogeneration electric
power with a gas engine, partially heating the building
• First National Bank of Omaha (USA) new “underground”
data center, powered with hydrogen fuel cells, operating
completely "off the grid", saving UPS.
• Telecity Paris (2011): thermal heating from a D.C.
(Codorcet) for the Arboretum where INRA is studing
climate changes effects


How much energy, emissions, e-waste from cloud computing for
Social Networking, Smart Grid and Internet of Things?

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Greenpeace (past) campaign
“Facebook: Unfriend Coal”

• Aimed to increase Facebook’s
use of clean/renewable
energy
Push Facebook to develop a plan to
mitigate climate footprint and to
become coal free by 2021
Facebook: Unfriend Coal page.
Educate Facebook users about how
the company powers its services.
Advocate for clean energy at a local,
national and international level.
28/10/2012
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Hacking Conventional Computing
Infrastructure: Open Compute Project
• A small team of Facebook engineers spent
the past 2 years tackling a big challenge:
“how to scale our computing infrastructure in the
most efficient and economical way possible”
• The result is Prineville data center (april 2011)
• Energy - 38% , cost -24%
• Power Usage Effectiveness of 1.08 for Q2 2011
• Plan to report Water Usage Effectiveness
• Now building Luleå (near Artic Polar Circle)


OPENSTACK AT A GLANCE
Open Source Cloud computing

 Software to make a cloud anywhere
meet the needs of public  An ecosystem devoted to innovation
and private Cloud  Flexibility in deployment/features
providers by being
simple and massively  Standards for broad deployment
scalable.  No fear of lock-in


Greenpeace: Dirty Energy for Cloud
The $1 billion data center Apple built in
North Carolina will consume some 100 MW Data centres to house the explosion of
of electricity, as much as a 250.000 homes virtual information currently consume
in the E.U. 1.5-2% of all global electricity; this is
growing at a rate of 12% a year.

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GreenPeace: “How clean is your cloud?”


Green Public Procurement : G-Cloud
ICTStrate- Government Cloud Strategy
The G-Cloud is the strategy for gy theme
adoption of cloud computing for Alignment with theme
public government in UK, Green A reduction in our data centre estate
will lead to significant power savings.
G-Cloud includes: Adoption of government CIO
Council’s Green Delivery Unit best
– “meet environmental and practice in procurement and
sustainability targets” lifecycles
– The CloudStore to simply and
transparently buy cloud IT
products and services
(Infrastructure, Software,
Platform and Specialist
Services: already 1700)
gcloud.civilservice.gov.uk


The GHG Protocol Product Accounting
and Reporting Standard: ICT sector
Cloud Computing
• Scope
– On-premise, Private Cloud, Multi-tenant Cloud
– Is it necessary to consider enablement and rebound effects?
• Functional Unit
– Transactions (e.g. API requests, or web requests) ISO 14040 & 14044

– Number of Users
ISO 14067
• Boundary PAS 2050
– Data Center, Equipment, Network ITU-TL.1410 IEC
• Allocation Issues ETSI TR 62725
TS 103 199
– Allocation of Data Center and Network usage
– Allocation between applications and between users


GHG: Key Guidance for Cloud Services

The guidance is written from the perspective of a
“user” of cloud and DC services and aims to provide
standard and repeatable methods in order to facilitate
a better understanding of the energy and GHG
impacts of alternative ICT service delivery solutions.

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Greencloud from Iceland
Commitment to:

1. To run a sustainable
public cloud 100%
carbon neutral
2. To use renewable
energy and not carbon
offsets
3. To enable our
customers to see their
live energy metrics
and carbon savings
4. To ensure credibility
and full environmental
management by ISO
14001 certification


Cloud Live Migration to follow renewable
variable generation

• The goal of the GreenStar
Network project is to create
technology and standards
for reducing the carbon
footprint of ICT
• It is a CANARIE funded
project led by École de
Technologie Supérieure
• Based on principle:
“Follow the wind/ Follow the
sun”
http://www.greenstarnetwork.com/


Energy-Efficient Management of Data Center Resources for Cloud
Computing: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Open Challenges

By Rajkumar Buyya, Anton Beloglazov, and Jemal Abawajy
The University of Melbourne, Australia et al.


What if cloud will meet co-generation?:
ICT like an Energy Utility

• Microsoft Research: Data Center Furnace
(thousand of distributed sealed boxes):
– Sealed tele-managed box with 40-400
CPU + high speed internet, electric power,
heating exchange. Learning from 4th Gen
DataCenters (containerized)
– Heat (with backup) used for building and
hot water, $300/year saving? The Data Furnace:
– Distributed Cloud+Grid Computing Heating Up with Cloud Computing

services with low latency

• Volkswagen: EcoBlue: cogeneration at
building level
– CH4 engine modified for co-generation:
heating and electric power
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Landfill-fueled data center?
Microsoft Redmond's Data Plant: a research project to run
data centers with renewable biogas sourced locally at
landfills or wastewater treatment plants

Also Apple's giant Maiden, N.C., data & NTT America California data center
will use biogas as an energy source for the fuel cells.


2 Examples of Italian (green) cloud
providers: GreenCloud & SeeWeb
GreenCloud supports SMEs in replacing PC & servers with Thin Clients
& SAAS (virtualized desktop with Citrix):
• Example a SME replacing 20 PC & rack (4 servers) with GreenCloud:
– Average power from 300 to 50Watts with a €50 montly saving for seat
(PC -> thin client): total saving €12000 (including rack and air conditioning)
– Reduction of 25.000kg of CO2eq
– HP announced t410 Thin client with 18,5” display uses only 13Watts!

SeeWeb provides "On demand" cloud hosting
charging by Seeweb Power Unit related to:
disk, RAM, CPU & bandwidth
With dynamic tuning on Energy efficient Cloud
It claims:
• 20% energy saving vs on premise
• Space saving, high availability


ENI ed ICT Transformation:
Private Cloud e Green Data Center
• Operational SW + HPC : 7000 servers 60 CPU cores, 30MW
(15kW/m2) – Hihgh availability and Performance
• Target P.U.E.=1.2 : reduction 335Kton CO2 x year (Free
Cooling 75->83% total time + air filtered, stand-by UPS with
high efficency: 99%, therma maps, very close to electric power
plant turbogas – CH4, sourcing, virtualizzation, consolidation,
Software tuning for energy efficency, etc.)
Energy density = 500 times an oil refinery


European Environment Agency
& Microsoft Azure: Eye On Earth
CLOUD enables Open Data & Crowd Sourcing for
mapping data on air and water pollution


SmartCity & Cloud: CISCO & Living PlanIT
World Economic Forum’s Technology Pioneers of 2012
Why we need
smart, sustainable
liveable cities

Cloud based
Urban O.S.

Redefining education access
Corsera: High quality
courses from the top
universities
for FREE to EVERYONE:
1. Learn
2. Interact
3. Achieve
https://www.coursera.org/

EdX : joint partnership between
MIT and Harvard University to
offer online learning to millions
of people around the world:
• Transformational and Disruptive
• Open Source Platform
• Include MITx & HARVARDx
• not for profit  FFITS also offers it
• www.edxonline.org on: training.ffits.org


CISPA :Cyber Intelligence
Sharing and Protection Act
• Said purpose is to protect America’s internet
interests against cyber attacks.
– It should allow every federal agency to override any
(U.S.) existing online privacy laws to access user
information (Amends the National Security Act of 1947)
– Allow private companies the right to share your user
information and data with the federal government
– It’s a sort of extension of the Patriot Act
– Broad support from many private companies
Wednesday, January 18th was a big day for the
Web: 7 millions Americans stood up in
opposition to PIPA (Protect IP Act) and SOPA
(Stop Online Piracy Act) – bills

CISPA passed in the House on April 26, 2012 and
goes to the Senate next for consideration.
https://www.google.com/takeaction/


How Green is the Cloud?
• Does cloud computing
provide net environmental benefits?
• Potential benefits of PAAS, IAS, SAAS as
replacement of on premise infrastructure:
– Higher server utilization by virtualization and on demand
provisioning, thermal maps, energy saving tuning, shared high
availability, multi-tenancy, etc.
– Whole Data Centers optimized for global energy efficiency (HVAC,
free cooling, etc.) to save money&CO2,“hopefully” renewable
electricity sources and heating reuse.
– Packaging and supply optimized (up to containerized data center),
easier to recycle standardized hardware centrally managed and
smart selection of data center location.
– Promote remote work (replace commuting) and tele services
– Enable thin clients and low power devices (tablets, smart phones)
and new solutions like smart grids / smart cities for saving energy
and water or reducing traffic congestion.
– As for Buy Software Online it avoids packaging and shipping

Cloud still has a growing environmental
impact
• Data centers are already responsible for nearly 1.5 percent of global electricity
use, global energy consumption will rise by around 40% by 2030 (Greenpeace
calculated 1,5-2%, growing at a rate of 12% a year)
• Affluent consumers are pushed to desire more high-tech equipment, complex
applications grow hungrier for energy, cheap apps and social network booming
push the cloud to scale up quickly, big data explosion with IoT
• Location makes all the difference on the carbon footprint, the cloak of secrecy
around data center sites and the challenge of accounting for carbon.
– If all else is equal, data center operators will build facilities where the energy is
cheap, and usually, that means dirty (coal, nuclear), plus additional demand for high
speed and mobile communication infrastructure.


Is cloud also 3BL sustainable?

• Surely Cloud allows SME and
consumers to pay (less) per use
– Might reduce digital divide, provide mobile services
to low developed countries, open access to public data,
made easier to safely chat, twitt and skype to organize
mass movement by e-democracy, offers wikipedia and
free e-learning (Coursera, edX, Kuhn), create jobs.
• Potential issues, knowledge is growing:
– Privacy concern also for fewer huge cloud and social
network providers, big data analysis, trans-national
legislation, censorship (China, Iran, etc.)
– reduced (traditional ICT) workforce, relocation
– unknown effect of major fault or virus/worm on cloud

Thanks for your attention
donato@acquistiesostenibilita.org
www.ict4green.eu

Sustainable Cloud Computing for the "Green IT Awareness Week 2012"

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