Liver Anatomy (basics), types of liver injuries, ingury scoring scale for liver, CT pictures of different grades, non-operative and operative managment of liver trauma.
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4. • Решение оперировать проникающее
ранение живота при наличии перитонита,
геморрагического шока, эвисцерации не
требует дальнейшего подтверждения УЗИ,
КТ, лапароскопии – ни один из этих
методов обследования не может изменить
решение об операции.
10. Типы закрытой травмы печени
1) Deceleration (shearing) injuries occur in
motor vehicle accidents and in falls from a
height where there is movement of the liver
in its relatively fixed position;
2) Crush injuries follow direct trauma to the
abdomen over the liver area.
11. • Deceleration (shearing) injuries → lacerations between
the right posterior section (segments 6 and 7) and the
right anterior section (segments 5 and 8), which can
extend to involve major vessels;
• Crush injuries → damage to the central portion of the
liver (segment 4, 5 and 8) and also may cause bleeding
from the caudate lobe (segment 1).
12.
13.
14.
15. Grade 1
A stabbing injury to the RUQ of the abdomen
Contrast CT demonstrates a small, crescent-shaped subcapsular and
parenchymal hematoma less than 1 cm thick.
16. Grade 2
A blunt abdominal trauma
CT scan at the level of the hepatic veins shows a subcapsular hematoma 3
cm thick.
17.
18. Grade 3
A blunt abdominal trauma
Contrast CT shows a 4-cm-thick subcapsular hematoma associated with
parenchymal hematoma and laceration in segments 6 and 7 of the right
lobe of the liver..
20. Grade 4
A blunt abdominal trauma
CT scan of the abdomen demonstrates a large subcapsular hematoma
measuring more than 10 cm. The high-attenuating areas within the lesion
represent clotted blood
21. Grade 4
A blunt abdominal trauma
Contrast CT shows a large parenchymal hematoma in segments 6 and 7
of the liver with evidence of an active bleed. Note the capsular laceration
and large hemoperitoneum.
22. Grade 5
A motor vehicle accident
CT demonstrates global injury to the liver. Bleeding from the liver was
controlled by using Gelfoam.
28. Management
• Nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt liver trauma (1985,
Тrunkey):
Haemodynamic stability
Absence of peritoneal sign
Availability of CT
Monitor in ICU
Facility of immediate surgery
Absence of other organ injuries
29. Non-op management (NOM)
• При NOM требуют оперативного вмешательства 5-
15% пациентов;
• 1-3% пропущенных повреждений кишечника;
• Для тупой травмы живота NOM – общемировая
практика с 1987;
• Для проникающей травмы живота NOM с 1994 года;
• Появление исследований про NOM огнестрельных
ранений печени в последние годы;
НО: «CT scan was mandatory before adopting the NOM».
30. Operative management
• Доступ: срединная лапаротомия или
билатеральный подреберный доступ;
• Минимальная мобилизация печени;
• DCS (Damage control surgery).
39. Прием Pringle
• До 1 часа;
• Длительная компрессия ОЖП опасна;
• Если кровотечение из паренхимы печени не
остановлено, значит имеет место
повреждение ретропеченочного отдела НПВ.
52. Thank you for attention
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