The presentation talks about the status of women in India and a special focus has been done toward the tribal women.

1. DEPARMENTAL SEMINAR
WOMEN EMPOWERNMENT THROUGH
DIFFERENT LIVELIHOOD MODELS
PRESENTED BY
ANKUR MISHRA
CHAIRED BY:
SIDDARAMU B.

2. Outline of the Presentation
•Introduction.
•Population of women in India.
•Definition of empowerment.
•Pre-Requisites of empowerment.
•Need of empowering women.
•Livelihood & dimensions of
livelihood.
•Sustainable Livelihood.
•Livelihood model.
•Livelihood Asset
•Livelihood Strategies.
•Women &
economy/agriculture/industry.
•Legislative acts in India for
empowerment of women .
•Evolution if Indian Initiatives
for women empowerment.
•Services & provision for women
empowerment.
•Advantages of women
empowerment.
•Current status of women In
India.
•Inspiring stories of women in
India.
•Role of SHG in women
empowerment.
•Role of a social worker.
•Conclusion

3. “WOMEN ARE WORSHIPPED AS GODDES IN INDIA,
BUT NOT GIVEN HER TRUE POSITION”

4. INTRODUCTION
VEDIC PERIOD :
Scholars believe in ancient India (1500-1000BC)
the women enjoyed equal status with men in all the
fields of life, had freedom to choose the partner for
marriage. Daughters were not considered as
liability or unwelcomed guest in the family.
However later the status of women started
declining.
Age of Manusmriti (500-200BC) :
Women were not given any kind of freedom at any
point of time in her life. Not marrying given before
the age of 14 years was a sin.

5. WOMEN IN INDIA
{Source: Census 2011}
 Total Population-1210.2 million
{Almost equal to the combined of USA, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Japan put together}
 Women Population- 586.5 million (48.5%)
 Sex Ratio- 943/1000 men

6. WORLD BANK SAYS:
“Empowerment is the process of increasing
the capacity of individuals or groups to make
choices and to transform those choices into
desired action and outcomes”

7. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Women Empowerment refers to increasing the
spiritual, political, social, educational, gender, or
economic strength of individuals and communities
of women.
(Source-Estudy Guide,Martha C Ward)

8. PRE-REQUISITES OF EMPOWERMENT
 Active Participation in Social, Economical and
Political Spheres.
 Process of Decision making Empowerment
 Desired Self-Respect
 Social Dignity

9. WHY NEED OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT??
The major problem faced by women in past and
present….
 Gender Discrimination
 Women Education
 Female Infanticide
 Dowry
 Child Marriage
 Atrocities on women

10. Livelihood
According to chambers and convey(1991):
A livelihood comprises the capabilities assets and
activities required for means of living. A livelihood
is sustainable when it can cope with and recover
from stress and shocks and maintain or enhance its
capabilities and assets both now and in the future
while not undermining the natural base.

11. DIMENSIONS OF LIVELIHOOD
 Generation of employment
 Reducing Poverty
 Well being and skill
 Adoption, Recovery and vulnerability
 Sustainability of natural resources

12. SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD
A Livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with
and recover from stress and Shocks, maintain or
enhance its capabilities and assets and provides a
sustainable livelihood opportunity for next
generation.

13. LIVELIHOOD MODEL

14. LIVELIHOOD ASSETS
1.HUMAN CAPITAL : includes skills, knowledge,
capacity, health.
2.SOCIAL CAPITAL : includes relationships and network
with other people
3.NATURAL CAPITAL : includes land, water, soil.
4.FINANCIAL CAPITAL : includes saving, credit.
5.PHYSICAL CAPITAL: includes infrastructure for
shelter, transport, communication.

15. VULNERABILITY CONTEXT
It is the external environment in which people exist and it’s the
element of the framework that is most beyond people’s
control. It includes shocks (floods, cyclone, death in family),
seasonality and trends and changes (population, globalization,
technology, market).
POLICIES, INSTITUTION & PROCESSES
Policies include governmental, non-governmental
organizations policies and behaviors which shapes people’s
livelihood at local, national and international level.
Institution includes political, legislative and representative
bodies, any civil society and membership organization,
commercial enterprises and corporation.
Processes means “the rule of the game” which includes the
decision making process, social norms n customs. It
determines the way institution operates and interact.

16. LIVEHOOD STRATEGIES
Livelihood strategies are generally understood as
the strategies that people use in stable and peaceful
time to meet the basic needs and to contribute to
future well-being. It is basically the process of
combining assets which one can access with the
risk factor and vulnerability context which are
supported or obstructed by the policies, institutions
and processes.
LIVELIHOOD OUTCOME
Livelihood outcome go beyond food and security,
which also include quality of life.

17. WOMEN AND ECONOMY
Their contribution to socio-economic development as
producers will be recognized in the formal and informal
sector and appropriate policies for employment and to
working condition will be drawn up.
WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE
Concentrated effort should be made to ensure that benefits,
training, extension and various will reach them in their
proportion with number.
WOMEN AND INDUSTRY
Comprehensive support in terms of labour legislation,
social security and other support services to participate in
various industrial sector.

18. Evolution of Indian Initiatives

19. Seventh Plan
1985-Ministry of Human Resource Development
set up.
Department for Women and Child Development
constituted in HRD Ministry
27 major women specific schemes identified for
monitoring to assess quantum of funds/benefits
flowing to women

20. Eighth Plan
 The Eighth Plan (1992-97) for the first time
highlighted the need to ensure a definite flow
of funds from general developmental sectors to
women
It commented:
“ … special programmes on women should
compliment the general development
programmes. That later in turn should reflect
greater gender sensitivity”

21. Action by the Department for Women & Child Development
 Issue of checklists / guidelines for gender audit of
public expenditure
 Adoption of Strategic Framework for Gender
Budgeting
 Capacity Building- Departments in GOI and State
Governments
 Consultations with select Departments on four
priority areas-
Food and Nutrition Security & Employment
guarantee
Water and Sanitation
Adequate Health facilities
Asset base for women

22. LEGISLATIVE ACTS IN INDIA FOR EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
Article 14 which states equality before law.
Article 15 which states discrimination against
sex.
Article 16 which states equal opportunity for
employment.
The 73rd and 74th Amendment to the constitution
of India provides reservation of seats.

23. SCHEMES AND PROVISIONS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
 Indira Mahila Yojana
 Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
 Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme
 Support to Training and Employment Program
(STEP)
 Rural Women Development and Empowerment
Project
 The National Mission for Empowerment of
Women
 National Policy for Empowerment of Women

24. ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
 Next generation will be empowered because of
her.
 If women will be empowered she will not be
burden on anyone.
 Financial burden could be shared by her
support.
 Family can be more stronger with both
supporting hands.
 There will be less family conflict.
 There will be more participation at societal
level.

25.  Self Help Groups are considered as one of the most
significant tools in participatory approach for the
economic empowerment of women.
 It is an important institution for improving life of women
on various social components.
 SHGs have an in-built mechanism where emphasis has
been given over capacity building of women through
developing their dialoguing skills.
 The significant success of several SHGs show that the
rural poor indeed efficient to manage credit and finance.
 Self Help Groups enhance the equality of status of women
as participants, decision-makers and beneficiaries in the
democratic, economic, social and cultural spheres of life.
Role of SHG in Women Empowerment

26. Current Status of Women In India
(Source-Global India,Tripod)
 According India’s constitution, women are legal
citizens of the country and have equal rights with
men (Indian Parliament). Because of lack of
acceptance from the male dominant society,
Indian women suffer immensely.
 Most Indian women are uneducated. Although
the country’s constitution says women have
equal status to men, women are powerless and
are mistreated inside and outside the home.
 Even though the constitution guarantees free
primary schooling to everyone up to 14 years of
age (Indian Parliament), very few females attend
school. Only about 39 percent of all women
in India actually attend primary schools.
 One reason is that parents get nothing in return
for educating their daughters. Another reason
is that all the females in a household have the
responsibility of the housework.

27. Delivery of health and mental health care services
and public health programs.
Prevention and early intervention efforts addressing
both interpersonal and community-based violence.
Education, employment, and training programs.
Programs assisting migrants, refugees, those seeking
asylum, and victims of human trafficking.
Activities to increase the participation of people
traditionally excluded from political, economic, and
community decision making.
Role of a Social Worker

28. CONCLUSION
Women represents half of the world’s population,
and gender equality exists in every nation of the
population.
Still women are not given opportunity the entire
societies will be destined to perform below the
potential.
The greatest need of the hour is to change the
social attitude of women.
A women should not only be empowered
economically, but she should also be empowered
socially, politically and culturally.

29. CHETNA SINHA
From spearheading India's first rural bank for women, to
running a business school, a women's chamber of
commerce, farmer-turned-entrepreneur Chetna Sinha has
come a long way.
INSPIRING STORIES

30. ARUNIMA SINHA
A sports person who is lesser known. She lost
her leg in an accident, and despite, managed to
climb Mt.Everest..

31. “Lets Take them out of darkness of life”
THANK YOU
For Further details: ankur1989@yahoo.com