This PPT covers the following topics...
Definition’s
CC in a Nutshell
Roots of CC
Layers and Types of Clouds
Desired Features of Cloud
Cloud Infrastructure Management
Infrastructure as a Service Providers
Platform as a Service Providers
Challenge and Risks
2. Course Objectives
• To provide comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of Cloud
Computing concepts, technologies, architecture and applications
by introducing and researching state-of-the-art in Cloud
Computing fundamental issues, technologies, applications and
implementations.
• Another objective is to expose the students to frontier areas of
Cloud Computing and information systems, while providing
sufficient foundations to enable further study and research.
3. Course Outcomes
• Understand different Cloud services
• Analyze different cloud deploy and service models
• Understand various enterprise applications in cloud
computing
• Understand and apply the virtualization concepts
• Understand the data security mechanism and SLA
management in cloud
5. Contents:
• Definition’s
• CC in a Nutshell
• Roots of CC
• Layers and Types of Clouds
• Desired Features of Cloud
• Cloud Infrastructure Management
• Infrastructure as a Service Providers
• Platform as a Service Providers
• Challenge and Risks
6. Cloud computing is a model for allowing
convenient, on-demand access from
anywhere, to a shared pool of computing
resources
7. WHAT IS CLOUD ?
A ‘cloud’ is a network of shared servers for the
processing storage and delivery of computing
resources.
8. • Cloud computing gets its name from the internet.
• Internet represented in network diagrams as a cloud.
• It is a cluster, a bunch of servers held together by a network also
supercomputer.
• A cloud can be either a single site cloud or a geo-distributed cloud.
A single site cloud – servers or compute nodes grouped into
racks(several servers-share same power- switch)
Backend nodes: storage purposes
Frontend nodes: submitting jobs & recv. client requests
Large companies have multiple geographically distributed
datacenters connected to each other
Each site is being a datacenter often called as geo-distributed cloud
11. Definition:
Cloud Computing is a set of service-oriented architectures, which allow users
to access a number of resources in a way that is elastic, cost-effective, and
on-demand
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources( e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction. - U.S. NIST
12. Cloud is a parallel and distributed computing system consisting of a collection
of inter-connected and virtualized computers that are dynamically
provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources
based on service-level agreements (SLA) established through negotiation
between the service provider and consumers. - Buyya
Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized resources
(such as hardware, development platforms and/or services). These resources
can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable load (scale), allowing
also for an optimum resource utilization. - Vanquero
13. Clouds are hardware based services offering compute, network, and storage
capacity where: Hardware management is highly abstracted from the buyer,
buyers incur infrastructure costs, and infrastructure capacity is highly
elastic. - McKinsey
Characteristics of cloud computing as
(1) the illusion of infinite computing resources
(2) the elimination of an up-front commitment by cloud users
(3) the ability to pay for use . . . as needed . . . - Berkeley
Data center hardware and software that provide services. - Armbrust
IT infrastructure deployed on an Infrastructure as a Service provider data
center. - Sotomayor
14. Characteristics of cloud computing
Cloud should have
(i) pay-per-use (no ongoing commitment, utility
prices)
(ii) elastic capacity and the illusion of infinite
resources
(iii) self-service interface
(iv) virtualized (abstracted) resources.
The ultimate goal is allowing customers to run their
everyday IT infrastructure “in the cloud.”
16. Potential Problems Internet connection
Cloud site failure
• Completely dependent on network
• Cloud site failure
• Back-end server/network failure
• Result in inaccessible data
• Sensitive information
• How much do you trust the public cloud vendor?
• Application integration – (exchange info when local and
on cloud)
18. SOA, Web Services, Web 2.0, and Mashups
• Web services (WS) open standards have appreciably
throw in to advance domain of software assimilation.
• WS standards have been created on top of existing
ubiquitous technologies such as HTTP, XML, thus
providing a common mechanism for delivering services,
making them ideal for implementing a service-oriented
architecture i.e. SOA.
• Web information and services may be programmatically
aggregated acting as a building blocks of complex
compositions called service mashups. Google make their
service APIs publically accessible using standard
protocols such as SOAP and REST
19. • Utility computing is a model in which computing
resources are provided to the customer based on specific
demand. The service provider charges exactly for the
services provided, instead of a flat rate.
▫ Examples of such IT services are computing power,
storage or applications.
• Grid computing is a group of networked computers
which work together as a virtual supercomputer to
perform large tasks, such as analysing huge sets of data ..
Distributed Computing
20. • Hardware virtualization allows running multiple OS stacks on a
single physical platform
• 3 basic capabilities related to management of workload: isolation,
consolidation and Migration
Hardware Virtualization
21. • A number of VMM platforms exist that are the basis of many
utility or cloud computing environments
• VMWare ESXi:
▫ Pioneer in virtualization, bare metal hypervisor
▫ Provides advanced virtualization techniques of processor, memory and
I/O
• Xen:
▫ Open-source project
▫ It has pioneered the para-virtualization concept, on which the guest OS,
by means of a specialized kernel, can interact with the hypervisor, thus
significantly improving performance
• KVM:
▫ Is a linux virtualization subsystem
▫ In addition, activities such as memory mang. And scheduling are
carried out by existing kernel
22. • Improve systems by decreasing human involvement
in their operation.
• Manage themselves, with high-level guidance from
humans.
• Properties :
▫ Self-configuration
▫ Self-optimization
▫ Self-healing
▫ Self-protection
▫ IBM reference Model
▫ MAPE-K
Autonomic Computing
24. Examples of CC
CC is the use of H/W or S/W off-site that is accessed over N/Ws
The main types of CC includes- SaaS, PaaS, Iaas &
FaaS(popular method)
• Software as a Service- No installation on PC, access online,
Examples include
Square, which processes payments online
Google Apps such as Google Drive or Calendar
Slack, allows collaboration and chat b/w other users
25.
26. • Infrastructure as a Service – provides infrastructure
components : servers, storage, networking, security on cloud
Examples include
Dropbox, a file storage and sharing system
Microsoft Azure, offers backup and disaster recovery services,
hosting and more
Rackspace, offers data, security and infrastructure services
27.
28. • Platform as a Service – provides computing platforms such
as OS, Prog. Lang. exe. Env., DB and web servers
Examples include
Google App Engine and Heroku, allows developers to develop
and serve apps
• Serverless Computing – using a server on the cloud
This offers more elasticity, easier maintenance, more price
effective than hosting servers on - site
34. • Management is a challenge
▫ VIM
The software toolkit responsible for rapidly and dynamically
provision resources to applications(orchestration) is called VIM.
“Cloud operating system”, “Infrastructure sharing software”, “Virtual
infrastructure engine”
Cloud toolkit(expose a remote & secure interface) vs. Virtual
infrastructure manager(provide advanced features)
Availability and management users
CLOUD
INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT
35. • Features
▫ basic and advanced features that are usually available in VIMs
Virtualization support
Self-service, on-demand resource provisioning
Multiple backend Hypervisors
Storage Virtualization
Interface to Public Clouds
Virtual Networking
Dynamic Resource Allocation
Virtual Clusters
Reservation and Negotiation Mechanism
High Availability and Data Recovery
37. • Features
Geographic Presence
To improve availability and responsiveness, Availability Zones
User Interfaces and Access to Servers
GUI, CLI, WS
Advance Reservation of Capacity
Amazon, long period
Automatic Scaling and Load Balancing
• Elasticity, Scale up and down, incoming traffic dist. on servers
Service -Level Agreement(SLAs)
Availability & performance guarantee, penalties for violates
Eg: Amazon EC2 – if annual uptime % for customer drops below 99.95%
for the service year, is eligible to receive service credit equal to 10% of
bill.
Hypervisor and Operation System Choice
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS
38. • Case studies
- Most popular public IaaS clouds
▫ Amazon Web Services
S3, EC2, RDS, …
▫ Flexiscale
100% SLA
▫ Joyent
Automatic scaling of cpu cores
▫ GoGrid
Pre-made windows and linux images
▫ Rackspace Cloud Servers
Fixed size instance
39.
40. • Offer development and deployment environment
• Features
▫ Programming Models, Languages, and Frameworks
MapReduce, WebService, Workflow, computational task
▫ Persistence Options
Allow application to record and recover crashes
relational DB, distributed storage
• Case studies
▫ Aneka
.NET, amazon EC2, threads
▫ AppEngine
python-java, Google
▫ Microsoft Azure
.NET, Microsoft
▫ Force.com
Apex, own dc
▫ Heroku
Ruby, automatic scaling
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS
41.
42.
43. • Security, privacy and trust
▫ Third party services
▫ Countries laws
• Data lock-in and standardization
▫ user data are not Portable
▫ CCIF- Cloud Computing Interoperability Forum; work together
• Availability, Fault Tolerance, Disaster Recovery
▫ SLA which include QoS requirements
• Resource Management and Energy efficiency
▫ Migration- when, which VM and where to
▫ Performance- dynamic resource manag. Improve utilization, min.
energy consumption in data centers
CHALLENGES AND RISKS