1. Telework in France and Telework
Promotion Policy in EU
Tokyo - November 28, 2007
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07111-1
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2. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07112-1
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3. International Telework symposium
France in a snapshot
Population : 63,4M
GDP : 1.792B€
Active population : 27,6M
Male : 14,8M
Female : 12,8M
Public sector : ~20%
Unemployment : 8,4%
Average income : € 18K/year
Seniors at work : 38,5%
Retirement age : 60
Poor people : 5M
Fertility rate : 2
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07113-1
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4. International Telework symposium
France
26 (4) regions – 100 (4) departments – 63M population
5 regions = 54,5% of GDP and 46% of population
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07114-1
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5. International Telework symposium
Four regions with commuting issues = 26,5% of GDP – 28% of population
Nord – Pas de calais Rhône-Alpes
4 cities where
commuting is
difficult:
•Lille
•Lyon
•Bordeaux
•Marseille
Aquitaine Provence – Alpes – Côte d’Azur
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07115-1
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6. International Telework symposium
Ile-de-France Region
8 departments
11,5 M inhabitants (18%)
28% of GDP
Paris : 2,2M or 20.605 inhabitants per m²
22% of total internet users
Average working time = 38,5 hours
Flexitime = 32% for employees & 69% for
managers
74% of employees are daily away from home
more than 10 hours
Commuting is very difficult & stressful
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07116-1
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7. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07117-1
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8. International Telework symposium
How does France rank in Internet usage ?
53,7% of national population – 10,2% of EU-population - 2,8% of world population
EU-
Source: www.internetworldstats.com : June 2007
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07118-1
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9. International Telework symposium
Internet access in France in 2007
30,65M internet users in June 2007
46,6% of households have internet
94,1% of internet users at home have
DSL access (July 2007)
Most people connect from home or
neighbours
Connecting from work is declining
25% of internet users are 55+
Users = 53% male and 47% female
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS07119-1
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10. International Telework symposium
Broadband coverage in France for companies >10 employees
Source: DIACT – TACTIS : http://diact.alkante.com/scripts/atlas/00_atlas.phtml?open_sig=77749119
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071110-1
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11. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071111-1
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12. International Telework symposium
French paradox : working time and productivity
Person/hours worked
Individual productivity
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071112-1
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13. International Telework symposium
Some French workplace characteristics
Hierarchy is dominant
Legal environment is rigid
Working time measurement is complicated
Organisation is traditional
Trust is low
Management style is not innovative
Advanced ICT usage is not yet common… it is
starting….
Collaborative working environments are emerging
Unions are not progressive
Unionisation rate is <10%
Lack of social negotiation culture
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071113-1
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14. International Telework symposium
Where do people work from ?
Autonomy of working time
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071114-1
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15. International Telework symposium
% working at home at least one day a week
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071115-1
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16. International Telework symposium
Working time
Two laws (Aubry laws) in 1998 & 1999 to reduce the weekly working time to 35H. They
are a tool to regulate overtime hours
Implementation scheme
January 1, 2000 for companies with 20+ employees
January 1, 2002 for the remaining ones
Changed to 2001 & 2003
Does not apply to management
Can be avoided if company agreement (« forfait jour »)
New flexibility with additional amendments
January 17, 2003
March 31, 2005
August 21, 2007
Real average working time
35,6H in companies with +10 employees
36,8H in companies with -10 employees (19,8% of total number of companies)
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071116-1
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17. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071117-1
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18. International Telework symposium
French governmental action
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071118-1
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19. International Telework symposium
Definition of Telework in France
The EU-telework framework agreement of 2002 was adopted by the French
social partners on July 19, 2005
It was extended in May 2006 to become an InterProfessional National
Agreement
Next to that former agreements were existing in the fields of Telecom and
Commerce
The French definition differs from the European one
« Le télétravail est une forme d’organisation et/ou de réalisation du travail,
utilisant les technologies de l’information dans le cadre d’un contrat de
travail et dans laquelle un travail, qui aurait également pu être réalisé dans
les locaux de l’employeur, est effectué hors de ces locaux de façon
régulière »
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071119-1
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20. International Telework symposium
Telework situation in Europe
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071120-1
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21. International Telework symposium
Telework in France
First and only measurement of teleworkers done in August 2004 by DARES
2% = home-based teleworkers
5% = mobile workers (nomadic)
Profile of the French teleworker
Mainly « male »
Highly educated
Services sector & financial services
Concrete reality is different…
Increasing number of mobile workers which are not considered as teleworkers
This way of doing avoids social negotiation
The debate with regards to the employer’s responsibility is not considered even knowing that
most of the mobile workers do work from home regularly
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071121-1
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22. International Telework symposium
Telework situation in France - issues
The legal framework is in place (interprofessional agreement of 2005)
« grey » telework is developing very fast under the name of « mobility »
What are the issues ?
Mobility is legally an « ambiguity »
Lack of negotiation culture
Health & safety is not perfectly under control in the case of « grey » telework
Measuring the working time because of the 35-hours law
Management by objectives is not yet a concrete reality in French management practices
Traditional industrial culture is still pre-dominant in a country where ~70% of employment is in
« tertiary » sector
Working from home can be considered as being marginalised
IS Security
Cybersurveillance
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071122-1
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23. International Telework symposium
Security is still considered as a major inhibitor to flexible working
schemes
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071123-1
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24. International Telework symposium
Telework doesn’t exist without a strong CWE
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071124-1
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25. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071125-1
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26. International Telework symposium
Telework Promotion policy in EU
Earlier presentations showed « telework » is
not anymore a hot topic as such
Europe has moved from Telework to e-Work
to Collaboration@Work
Flexicurity
Now comes
New paradigm
Fewer permanent jobs
Life-long learning
Networks of competences & social networks
Inter-generational management
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071126-1
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27. International Telework symposium
Inter-generational management in the workplace
Source: Steelcase WokSpace Futures Research
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071127-1
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28. International Telework symposium
The workplace(s) !
Source: Steelcase WokSpace Futures Research Copyright 2005
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071128-1
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29. International Telework symposium
End of life of the traditional workplace
ICT enables to work anywhere if
broadband is available
Talented people do not want anymore
« 9 to 5 » schemes; even with flexibility
Self-organisation is growing
Collaboration & participation are new
competitive drivers
Social networks capitalise knowledge
Telework will not anymore be the
issue…
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071129-1
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30. International Telework symposium
Telework is embedded in the issues of the future of work
Source: Flexible Working Survey 2007
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071130-1
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31. International Telework symposium
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071131-1
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32. International Telework symposium
Sources (1)
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071132-1
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33. International Telework symposium
Sources (2)
INSEE : http://www.insee.fr/fr/home/home_page.asp
DIACT : http://www.territoires.gouv.fr/tic/scripts/sig_site/c01_index.php?cont_id=1&cont_appli_id=3&nc=
Le Journal du Net : http://www.journaldunet.com/chiffres-cles.shtml
Flexicurity : http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/employment_strategy/flex_meaning_en.htm
CFDT : http://www.cadres-plus.net/template.php?id=413&looktype=breves
Labour department : http://www.travail-solidarite.gouv.fr/
Telecom.gouv : http://www.telecom.gouv.fr/accueil.php3
ETUC : http://www.etuc.org/
INFSO Portal : http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/ecowor/index_en.htm
European Agency for Health & Safety at Work : http://osha.europa.eu/
DG Employment – Social Affairs : http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/employment_social/index_en.htm
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071133-1
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34. International Telework symposium
Contact details
Nicole Turbé-Suetens
Cell : +33 6 82 18 39 66
Email : nts@distance-expert.com
Skype : nts-distance-expert
Networks : LinkedIn & Facebook
www.distance-expert.eu
www.esangathan.eu
www.liaison-de.eu
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071134-1
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35. International Telework symposium
Thank you
BP 50434 – 60617 La Croix St Ouen Cedex - France Réf - NTS071135-1
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