Originally presented at BEA, in this session you will learn from the successes and mistakes of others about ebook metadata. In this advanced workshop, speakers will demonstrate the effects of high quality ebook metadata through case studies. You will also learn from the mistakes of others’ metadata shortcomings. In total, you will learn best practices and their implications. This workshop will offer publishers many tips on ways to better manage metadata for stronger discovery within ebook library platforms, online retailers, and dedicated ereader stores.
4. 4
Ebook Metadata: What Matters?
Thema
BISAC subject codes
product form code
product form detail
language reading level age range series
keywords
price effective date
illustrator
country of origin
contributor
contributor biography
territory restrictions
related product
grade level
prize type
edition number
title
ISNI
features
on-sale date
collections
ISBN
description
BIC subject codes
7. 7
US metadata survey complete
Audience: booksellers, print & ebook
Focus on discoverability
Full results to be published in Metadata
Essentials book, Aug. 2017
Survey sent to 650+ booksellers
Exclusive BEA Preview: Ingram Metadata Survey
8. 8
Ingram Metadata Survey: Key Findings
Platform Index
Contributor 100
Description 96
Series name & number 85
Subject code 81
Age range 79
Related product 69
Product form 68
Keywords 35
TOPATTRIBUTES
9. 9
Ingram Metadata Survey: Key Findings
A B C D E
Description Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Series name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Series number Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Subject code Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Age range Yes Yes Yes No Yes
HTML markup Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Related product Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Territory rights Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Product form Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Audience code Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Product form detail Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Contributor bio Yes Yes No No Yes
Keywords Yes No No No No
12. 12
Metadata Essentials: Keyword-Rich Descriptions
Keywords: words & phrases customers use to find your book
Choose 3-5 keywords to use throughout your marketing
Keywords
for
________
Characters
Themes
Story
type or
style
Audience
notes
Awards
16. 16
Book Discovery: Keywords for The Wayfinders
The
Wayfinders
CBC
Massey
Lectures
Anthropology
Ancient
wisdom
Cultural
diversity
Samuel
Johnson
Prize
18. 18
Descriptions
• Begin with a 25-50 word headline, bolded & followed by a break
• Weave in your keywords
• At least 150-200 words
• Use HTML markup, especially to create paragraph breaks and
bold & italic fonts
22. 22
Metadata Essentials: Series
• Do use consistent series name and numbering convention
• Don’t put the series name or number in your title
• Do include the series name in your description and author bio
24. 24
Metadata Essentials: Genre
• Consider your audience
• Doesn’t have to be 100% accurate – but fulfill
on your promise to retain customers
• Be specific!
• Choose 2-4, but focus on your primary subject
28. 28
Genre & Age Range
• Genre and age range should work together
• Juvenile: 0-11
• YA: 12-17
• Adult/general trade: 18+
• Avoid spanning multiple audiences
34. PAGE 34
It’s All About the Customers
Customers come to Kobo a number of ways:
● email marketing & recommendations
● promotions
● search results
● browsing
● publishers linking to Kobo
Metadata is the driving force behind:
● recommendations
● end-of-book experiences
● themed lists and promotions
● next-in-series prompts
● automation
It all starts with good metadata….
35. PAGE 35
1. Know your Rights & Prices
2. Know your Markets
3. Be Complete and Consistent
4. Update!
5.Use ONIX
Five Easy Steps to Optimize Your eBook Metadata
36. PAGE 36
1. Know Your Rights
Kobo sells books in 190 countries and with 30+ retail partners
Without proper territorial rights metadata, you’re losing sales
● Know who is selling your titles & where!
● Be mindful of duplication
37. PAGE 37
Be Careful: Don’t Limit Yourself!
<SalesRights>
<SalesRightsType>02</SalesRightsType>
<RightsTerritory>WORLD</RightsTerritory>
</SalesRights>
<Price>
<PriceTypeCode>41</PriceTypeCode>
<PriceAmount>6.99</PriceAmount>
<CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode>
<Territory>US</Territory>
</Price>
Send Specific Prices
A single title can have many rights, but are you sending enough prices?
● especially important for publishers with agency agreements
● Don’t forget about price types!
This title will only be available in the US
38. PAGE 38
2. Know Your Markets
Currency Conversion
● Exchange rates fluctuate
● Exchange can vary from retailer to retailer
● How will the retailer know which price to convert
from?
● Converted prices look weird to customers
● You may end up over or under charging
Each geo has different price thresholds
● Send as many specific prices as possible
● Especially important in large markets
<SalesRights>
<SalesRightsType>02</SalesRightsType>
<RightsTerritory>US CA GB AU NZ</RightsTerritory>
</SalesRights>
<Price>
<PriceTypeCode>01</PriceTypeCode>
<PriceAmount>6.99</PriceAmount>
<CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode>
<Territory>US CA</Territory>
</Price>
<Price>
<PriceTypeCode>02</PriceTypeCode>
<PriceAmount>3.99</PriceAmount>
<CurrencyCode>GBP</CurrencyCode>
<Territory>GB AU NZ</Territory>
</Price>
39. PAGE 39
International Pricing
USD AUD
CAD NZD
Conversion from USD: $19.08
Conversion from USD: $18.86
Conversion from USD: $20.34
Conversion from CAD: $7.32
Conversion from CAD: $10.64
Conversion from CAD: $9.87
40. PAGE 40
3. Send all your data!
Series Information is incredibly valuable!
● One of our biggest sales drivers
● One of the things customers notice the most when
it’s done poorly
44. PAGE 44
It’s not just about “enhancements” - consistency with regular data is important too!
George R.R. Martin
George RR Martin
G.R.R. Martin
GRR Martin
George Raymond Richard Martin
George Martin
Consistency is Key
All the same man!
Data should be machine readable
● Everything is parsed by automated systems
● If it isn’t easily sortable in excel, it isn’t good metadata
● Nothing should be invisible
● If you want the customer to find it, make sure the customer can see it
A Rule of Thumb:
45. PAGE 45
4. Update! Update! Update!
Metadata is not static.
You should update it often to reflect market fluctuations or respond to topical or social changes:
● Book nominated for an award?
● Suddenly relevant?
● Becoming a movie or TV series?
You can also experiment:
● Try different category codes
● Test out pricing strategy
● Schedule price drops
● Flash sales
● SEO
46. PAGE 46
5. Use Onix!
Onix is created specifically for book metadata and is the most reliable and thorough method!
● Multiple prices in multiple currencies, for multiple territories
● Price effective dates!
● One feed can be sent to multiple retailers
● Consistent across entire industry
● Automated and bulk updates
● Scalable, adaptable
● Less manual intervention
Onix 3.0 has specific enhancements for ebook and global retail. You should be using it!
● Specifically addresses challenges of global distribution
● Tags specifically for eBooks (DRM, epub usage, master brand, etc.)
● Block updates
● The only version still supported!
47. PAGE 47
1. Know your Rights & Prices
2. Know your Markets
3. Be Complete and Consistent
4. Update!
5.Use ONIX
To Summarize
61. Collections
• Academic Complete™ is a collection of scholarly ebooks from leading
publishers with coverage in all academic disciplines.
• College Complete™ is a collection trusted by community, technical and
vocational colleges around the world.
• Schools and Educators Complete™ meets diverse needs of K-12
students and aligns with national, state and provincial curriculum
standards.
• Public Library Complete™ helps libraries augment nonfiction collections
to meet needs of students, professionals and other information seekers.
65. DDA Explained
• Demand Driven Acquisition, AKA PDA
• Integrate user involvement in the process of building library collections
– Patrons or students participate in building a library collection
• Provides the ability to offer access through the use of profiles
– Library determines inclusion and exclusion criteria such as such as
subject, publisher, publication date, author, pricing, etc.
– Can be adjusted at any time
74. STL Explained
• Short Term Loans
• Provide a cost-effective way to offer users access to a wide range of titles for
short periods of time
• Often combined with DDA
• Flexible
– Libraries to choose the number and duration based on parameters of their
choice
– Examples: ebook price, publication date, and subject
– Can be mediated or unmediated
76. Sales Rights Publishing</PublisherName><SalesRights><Sales
RightsType>01</SalesRightsType><RightsCountry
>US CA</RightsCountry></SalesRights>
Publishing</PublisherName><SalesRights><SalesRightsType>01</SalesRightsType><RightsCountry>AE AF AL
AM AN AO AQ AT AU BA BD BE BG BH BN BO BW BY CF CH CK CN CX CY CZ DE DK DZ EG EH ES ET FI FJ
FK FR GB GI GL GM GN GR HK HR HU ID IE IL IN IO IQ IR IS IT JO JP KE KP KR KW LA LB LI LK LT LU LV LY
MC MN MO MY MZ NC NF NG NL NO NP NR NZ PF PG PH PK PL RO RS RU RW SA SE SG SI SK SL SO SY
SZ TC TF TH TN TO TR TW UA UG VA VG VN WS YE ZA ZM ZW</RightsCountry></SalesRights>
77. Conflicting Sales Rights
Scenario 1
–Contract indicates North America only
–ONIX metadata indicates worldwide rights
Scenario 2
– Two parties send single title with worldwide
rights/overlapping market rights
Scenario 3
–Publisher signs with aggregator to deliver content
without notifying us on disposition of existing titles
78. Publisher Takeaways
• Title availability affects library customers differently than retail customers
• Participating in a broad range of business models provides more
opportunities for revenue
• Consistency in metadata (subjects, imprints, authors) offers the broadest
discoverability
• Validating files and ensuring metadata is complete will safeguard your speed
to market
• Your metadata is part of a larger metadata universe often for the exact same
ISBN
79. Resources
• Learn more about ProQuest Ebook Central
• ProQuest Ebook Central Preview
• ProQuest Ebook Central Submission Guidelines for Content Providers
• Ralph.Coviello@ProQuest.com
80. Thank You
Ralph D. Coviello, Engagement Manager
Ralph.Coviello@ProQuest.com
Notas do Editor
Contributor and series are key search driversPreorders
HTML formatting - 73
9780887847660 House of Anansi
https://houseofanansi.com/products/the-wayfinders
Keywords on their title page are pretty and link to other titles in the catalog
9780887847660 House of Anansi
https://houseofanansi.com/products/the-wayfinders
Keywords on their title page are pretty and link to other titles in the catalog
I work with publishers across the world to successfully list their content for sale on Kobo.com and our various online retailer partners across the world.
For those who don’t know Kobo, we’re an:
- Global Ebook eRetailer
Over 13 million readers in 190 countries
3.2 million titles
68 languages
Partnered with some of the world’s leading booksellers across the world including WH Smith, FNAC, Mondadori, ABA, Bookworld and more.
we also produce some popular and award-winning devices
Publishers have a lot of positive search engine clout when, so it helps when they link to our page.
It all starts with good metadata. Our automated systems are built on top of good metadata. Recommendations, end-of-book experiences, themed lists, series recos, and so on, are all made possible by good data. Remember, that same metadata is what retailers search and browse in their own content management systems. Bridge customers to next read.
Whether you’ve got just a few rights or all the rights, be sure to be clear in your metadata
In a world where online retailers like kobo can sell your content anywhere in the world at any time, you don’t want to run the risk of your book not being available in a market just because the territory wasn’t included in your metadata. Incomplete territorial rights likely mean you’re losing sales.
Know who is selling your titles
Territory rights are good for everyone -- duplicates! If you’re sending lazy metadata, you might be duplicating a title in a territory where you don’t have data. It goes both ways.
The power and responsibility of setting prices starts with the publisher. This is especially true for publishers with Agency agreements—the power to set prices lies exclusively with the publisher.
Agency requires that the publisher set the price that the consumer pays in all territories and in all currencies. Your retailers is expecting to get prices in the various currencies that a customer can access your books.
And, for those in the room for whom Agency doesn’t apply, if you’re expecting that a customer in UK, BR, or PH pay a specific price for your books, you need to tell us that in your metadata.
A huge part of optimizing your territorial rights requires that you familiarize yourself with international currencies.
If you’re a US publisher with an agency agreement in Canada, how will you communicate agency prices for the Canadian market? What if you want to sell a book in Ireland, or New Zealand?
It seems obvious, right? But, not all publishers recognize and communicate their prices in the correct currency. It is a common mistake, or perhaps oversight, but it’s one that the customer notices.
The USA and Canada are tax-out territories. This means the price you see for a product does not include taxes, but rather taxes are added at the checkout. You’ll want to send tax-exclusive prices for these territories.
Alternatively, you’ll want to use a tax-inclusive price in territories where the customer sees a tax-inclusive price on the product page. GB, Australia, New Zealand, and all Euro countries, are tax inclusive territories.
Avoid sending a tax-in and tax-out price for the same currency. It has the potential to get messy, trust me.
I know I just said that you should send us prices for each territory, but it’s not a hard and fast rule.
Online retailers will convert for you if you’d like. But, before you give us that power consider the fact in allowing the retailer to convert, you’re letting go of some of your pricing strategy. You’re asking the retailer to take part in setting the price.
Some questions worth asking are: How often does the bank rate get updated? Are all of your retailers working on the same schedule? Are you ok with this? If so, let us know in your metadata
If you allow, the retailer will convert for you. But you can’t be ambiguous with your data.
If you give us five currencies for a book with world rights, what price should we convert from to sell India? The GBP price or the USD price?
What should we use to calculate the Brazilian Real price? You can set the rules in your metadata, and we’ll follow. This is important to consider, so that you know what to expect when your book is listed for sale in rupees.
Let’s take a look at some examples.
In certain markets you are able to price lower or higher than your home market. For example..
Do some research and get to know the pricing conventions for your markets before setting your list price in alternate currencies, because you never know where you might be over or underselling your content.
This is perhaps needless to say, but be sure to use all the data that you have at your disposal.
Series and Collections: Another key set of data is series data. If you have titles that make up a series, include that data in your feeds. But, be specific. Include the series name, number, and any other relevant information that will help the retailer link your book to the rest of the series or collection. That way we can show readers on the product page that this title is part of a collection. And it gives them an easy way to find the other titles in that series.
Has to be machine-readable to be useful.
That is, it needs to be perfectly consistent. Inconsistency makes it impossible to automatically put the next book in a series in front of a customer when they’re ready for it.
Subtitle is not series. Title is not series. Description is not series. The series field is the most important.
Related Product: Use the ‘Related Product’ tag to link your eBook to it’s print equivalent. The online retailer may have a relationship with a books & mortar store and will use the print ISBN to link the digital product to the print product, thereby broadening the exposure of your digital book.
Categorization Codes:
Let’s look at subject codes.
Remember that with ebooks, we’re not limited to physical bookshelf space anymore. Send us multiple category codes for your book and tag your title with all of the appropriate subjects. Help your niche readers find the content they’re looking for.. Is your book a biography of Theodor Roosevelt? If yes, don’t just categorize it as BIO00000 Biography General. Be more specific! Why not categorize it as:
1) BIO011000 Biography & Autobiography/ Presidents & Heads of State 2) HIS027000 History/ Military/ General
3) POL028000 Political Science/Public Policy/ General
This way, you can broaden the scope for discoverability of your title.
Also, be sure to find out if the retailer your sending metadata to uses something other than BISAC or BIC? They may either have their own proprietary set of classification codes, or if they are from a specific territory they may use the classification convention specific to that area.
One of the reason Kobo has been historically skeptical towards keywords is that its an area without penalty for bad players, and there are a lot of other ways to optimize our own search functionality without adding possibly questionable inputs. SEO-approved synopese can be as useful as any keyword composite. After all, if keywords are worth including n your synopsis, how key are they? No invisible metadata!
If you are going to invest your effort somewhere, it’s a good idea to write suynopses that do the double duty of providing decision-support to the customer who’s made it to your item page while also supplying differentiating language that can be used to help other customers along the same journey.
Remember that the metadata for your digital products is not set in stone, or on paper. If you’re is flexible and Update it frequently to reflect or respond to social or topical changes. Try different categorization codes, or a new pricing strategy and monitor what happens to your sales.
Digital prices can change frequently and quickly, so consider developing an active pricing strategy through regular metadata fees. Or, think about flash sales—your ONIX can accommodate a 24 hour sale via price effective tags.
And, don’t forget to work with your operations and merchandising team to find a strategy that works for you. We’re here to help, and always willing to learn with you.
Collections –
Implications of distribution changes and removals
DDA setup –
Publisher and imprint variations
Revenue related issues for direct sales –
Discount codes, sending sales rights in ONIX that vary from contract agreement
Load failure –
Corrupt and missing files & data
ProQuest pioneered ebook subscriptions and offers subscriptions in all subjects for all types of libraries.
Mention how libraries pay for subscription collections and how publishers are paid.
Here is a title that has been subscribed to in Academic Complete and College Complete.
Here is a title that has been subscribed to in Academic Complete and College Complete.
The professor has assigned it to students to read during the semester and they may need to refer to it at the end of their term to study for finals or to write papers. This publisher’s preference has made the title available for online reading and not available to print or download. So if the title is removed during the academic semester a publisher will be literally pulling the previously available online reading copy out of the student’s hands!
BLACKBOARD links…..
Here is a title that has been subscribed to in Academic Complete and College Complete.
The professor has assigned it to students to read during the semester and they may need to refer to it at the end of their term to study for finals or to write papers. This publisher’s preference has made the title available for online reading and not available to print or download. So if the title is removed during the academic semester a publisher will be literally pulling the previously available online reading copy out of the student’s hands!
Title availability affects library customers differently than retail customers
Each library has profiles of what titles they want in/out of DDA pools.
These two titles are history books on the Battle of the Somme in 1916 and both are DDA eligible.
Book one has subject information.
Book two is missing subject information.
A librarian might not even know to include a title in a DDA pool if it is missing a subject and of course they are critical to searches by students & patrons and decisions by librarians on purchases.
DDA – Publisher and imprint variations Publisher is listed as
R&L Education and is available for DDA
Publisher is listed as Rowman & Littlefield Publishers and is not available for DDA
This could be a choice by the library or an issue with the differing publisher imprints.
Other issues? Could be that the publisher chose to embargo participation in DDA during the first year of publication.
Consistency in metadata (subjects, imprints, authors) offers the broadest discoverability
These DDA eligible two titles are in similar subject areas.
Book one multiple price options.
Book two has only one price option.
One of these titles may be chosen by a librarian to be added to their profile and another may not be chosen.
Participating in a broad range of business models provides more opportunities for revenue
These are duplicate records, due to the related print ISBN either not being sent or not being processed. Yet there will be problems if we simply merge them.
Is the more accurate with a cover image and both a print and ebook ISBN and is DDA.
Is missing the cover and the print ISBN with only the ebook ISBN for its epub edition and is in the subscription collection Academic Complete.
Either one could be impacted if not handled correctly
These history books have file issues.
Book one has a terrible cover as it appears to be a thumbnail instead of a full cover.
Book two has not become viewable as it is held in our system due to a corrupt epub file.
We have guidelines on ProQuest Ebook Central Submission Guidelines for Content Providers
https://www.slideshare.net/discoverbowker/proquest-ebook-central-submission-guide-for-content-providers?qid=d4193545-bf57-414d-a8e2-fa9558e9f097&v=&b=&from_search=1
Validating files and ensuring metadata is complete will safeguard your speed to market
Your metadata is part of a larger metadata universe often for the exact same ISBN
In this example the library has this title in STL. However, access to this title could get disrupted during a loan if the publisher removes it for any reason, even temporarily.
This title is distributed in in the US and Canada by ISBS.
We can also host it in Australia as long as both describe sales rights correctly.
Your metadata is part of a larger metadata universe often for the exact same ISBN