Plant Cell Essay

Plant Cell Structure
A plant cell is like a business. The business building is like a cell membrane, it separate the people
from the outside environment. The building structure is like a cell wall which support and protect
the cell like the building structure is protecting the people from the environment. The lunch room
in the building is like a chloroplast, which it helps the people in it to regain their energy because it
is a place to eat a rest a bit; just like a plant need to gets it photosynthesis for it foods. The people
are the cytoskeleton that help support the work structure and help move the products like the
cytoskeleton helps move the protein. The stud in the building is like a central vacuole, provide the
support for the building just like the central vacuole is giving structure support to the...show more
content...
The elevator in the building is like a rough ER which transport protein from place to place just like
the elevator transport the people inside the building from places to places. The president or CEO is
like a nucleus; he control everything in his building, just like a nucleus is control center of the cell.
The vice president is the nucleolus, which help to synthesis the production of the company, like
the nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis. The people are the ribosome, they moved from
one place to another using and creating work while the ribosome created protein for the cell. The
restaurant in the building is like a mitochondria which produce energy through the cellular
respiration by providing food for the people in the building. The bacon in the fridge are like the
smooth ER which creates fat in the customers when they eat it. The swimming pool in the building
is like a cytoplasm, which help suspended the people in it like the cell in which the organelles are
suspended. The mail office in the building is like the Golgi bodies in the cell, it helps synthesis,
packages and send it content all over
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Plant And Animal Cells Essay
Plant and Animal Cells
I. Introduction
All organisms in life are composed of at least one or more
cells. Cells are the basic units of life. There are three main
features of a cell. First, all organisms consist of one or more
cells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third,
cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts are
referred to as the cell theory.
All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types.
They are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cells
are placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell must
first be looked at. Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
all contain basic cell parts. They are: a plasma membrane,
cytoplasm,...show more content...
To complete this we had to make wet–mount slides and
observe them under a light microscope. To prepare a wet–mount
slide you must first obtain your specimen you are going to look
at. You then put the specimen on a clean glass slide in the
middle. Next, you take a medicine dropper and place one drop of
water on the specimen. After that, you hold a clean coverslip
and place the bottom edge of the coverslip in the drop of water.

Next, slowly lower the rest of the coverslip so that there are no
air bubbles, onto the remaining part of the specimen. By putting
specimens into wet–mount slides it saves a lot of time and energy
instead of putting them into set slides. Also, a wet–mount slide
can be cleaned and re–used.
We put onion cells, cheek cells, and Elodeo cells into wet–
mount slides. After we made slides for each one we observe them
under the microscope. For some of the cells, we had to apply a
dye to have make the cell more visible under the microscope.
Methylene blue was applied to the cheek cells and iodine to the
onion cells. To see the cheek cells, we had to reduce the amount
of light coming into the microscope. We had to do this because
when we reduced the amount of light, we could see the cells more
clear. Elodeo cells were observed as a wet–mount slide and also
with salt water. To apply a die to a previously made wet–mount
slide, an edge of the coverslip

Plant Cells : Occasion Homework
Plant Cells: Occasion Homework.9/4/16
Plants have numerous cells inside them. They all have distinctive part and capacities. Together they
all out to make the plant empower itself to survive. Inside a plant are its cells. Inside a cell are its
organelles. These organelles are called cell organelles which are little individual parts of a phone
which complete distinctive particular capacities. There are a vast variety of different
Golgi Mechanical assembly: An arrangement (stack) of levelled, film bound sacs (saccules)
required in the capacity, alteration and emission of proteins (glycoproteins) and lipids bound to
leave the cell (extracellular) and for use inside the cell (intracellular). The Golgi device is plentiful
in secretory...show more content...
Bigger particles (counting microscopic organisms) enter extraordinary white platelets (phagocytes)
through a type of endocytosis called phagocytosis. The Single adaptable cell is a unicellular protist
that ingests sustenance (counting algal cells) by phagocytosis.
Lysosome: A film boundorganelle containing hydrolytic (digestive) catalysts. Lysosomes begin as
layer bound vesicles (called Golgi vesicles) that bud from the Golgi mechanical assembly. They
are basically required with intracellular processing. Lysosomes wire with vesicles (little vacuoles)
framed by endocytosis. The substance of these vesicles are processed by lysosomal chemicals.
Auto absorption by lysosomes likewise happens amid embryonic improvement. The fingers of a
human developing life are webbed at first, however are isolated from each other by lysosomal
catalysts. Cells in the tail of a tadpole are processed by lysosomal compounds amid the continuous
move into a frog.
Peroxisome: A layer bound organelle that contains particular catalysts imported from the cytoplasm
(cytosol). For instance, certain peroxisomes contain the compound catalase which quickly separates
dangerous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This response can be effectively exhibited by
pouring some hydrogen peroxide on crude meat or an open injury.
Glycolysis: An anaerobic oxidation pathway outside of the mitochondria in which glucose is

Essay about Comparing Animal Cells to Plant Cells
Comparing Cells
Task: Write a comparison of animal and plant cells
While plant and animal cells appear to be different, they have some similar features.
Both kinds of cells contain a nucleus – which can also be known as the "brains" or the "control
centre" of the cell. The nucleus of a cell contains most of its genetic material and is responsible for
controlling all of the cell's activities through gene expression.
Both plant and animal cells also have structures called chromosomes. They are located inside the
nucleus. The chromosomes are the genetic material responsible for the reproduction of cells.
Outside the nucleus of both plant and animal cells are structures called ribosomes. These are
responsible for the production of protein...show more content...
Although plants and animal cells share many similarities, there are some additional structures that
plant cells have which animal cells don't.
The plant cell, for example, contains a cell wall. The cell wall is made up of cellulose and assists a
plant cell to maintain its shape. The cell wall is located outside the cell membrane of a plant cell
and is also responsible for the prevention of the rupture of a cell when (excess) water enters it.
Cellulose is a substance which is found in the cell wall of a plant cell. Simply put, cellulose is cell
sugar. Its main function is to support the plant – to keep the plant rigid and prevent it from slopping
over.
A further difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells contain a nuclear membrane.
This structure has a similar role to the cell membrane. The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus
and controls what substances enter and leave it.
Plant cells also contain substances known as chloroplasts. These are the organelles inside the plant
on which the process of photosynthesis is conducted. Chlorophyll is located on chloroplasts and is
the substance which traps the energy of the sun rays to utilize it during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is important for plants because they generate their own food. During this process,
pants convert carbon dioxide and water with the presence of sunlight and

Electrical Functions Of Plant And Animal Cells
Among the various transport systems involved in basic cellular functions in plant and animal cells,
anion channels play a key role in various physiological functions. This include cell osmoregulation,
cell signalling, plant nutrition and compartmentalization of metabolites and metal tolerance
(reference). In plants, anion channels are reported to be found in plasma membrane, tonoplast,
endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plasma membrane channels have been the
best characterized till date compared to those located in other membranes.
How do they work?
Ion channels in general work like a switch mechanism namely open and close state according to the
factors that control their gating. When an ion channel is open, massive ion fluxes occur based on
their electrochemical gradient. Rapid development in understanding of ion channels came into light
when patch clamping technique was developed by Neher and Sakmann in the late 1970's. The
electrophysiological properties of plant cell membranes started being extensively studied even before
the genes encoding anion channels were identified. This is evident from the first anion channel
structure being determined in bacteria only in 2002.
At plant cellular membrane level, the highly negative membrane potential (below –100 mV) and the
intracellular anion accumulation dictate anion efflux through anion channels when they are at open
state. In cases of carboxylic anions such as malate and citrate, the pH gradient which is

Compare And Contrast Plant Cells And Animal Cells
Anthony WuPlant cells are different than animal cells due to the fact that they need to go through
photosynthesis. They are also similarly because they both have a golgi bodies/apparatus. Another
difference is that plants have a cell wall and animals don't. Another way their different is that they
don't have all the same cells. For instance animal cells have nucleolus,chromatin,vacuole, and
lysosomes. While plant cells only have chloroplasts, cell wall, and lytic vacuole. Another reason they
are both similar is that they both almost have all the same cells like the rough and smooth er. The
cells that they both have are golgi bodies/apparatus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus,
mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,

Compariosn of Animal Cells and Plant Cells Essay
All plants are made up of different plant cells. Plant cells are considered eukaryotic cells they have
a nucleus. Inside a plant cell the DNA is located inside the nucleus. The nucleus is basically a
headquarters for a eukaryotic cell. It also stores the genetic information for a cell. Organelles are
also located inside plant cells. They have important jobs inside the cell they produce energy for the
plant cell and they also produce enzymes and hormone.
A plant cell has a cell wall which surrounds the plasma membrane. A cell wall is made up of lignin
and cellulose they are very tough and rough compounds. Lignin and cellulose for example is what
makes a tree grow very tall. A cell wall gives a plant structure or it's roots, stems ,and...show more
content...
There are two different endoplasmic reticulums which are rough endoplasmic reticulums and smooth
endoplasmic reticulums. The rough endoplasmic reticulum looks bumpy because it has ribosomes
attached to it. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has enzymes that help create important lipids.
Some enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum help in detoxing cells. The smooth
endoplasmic reticulum also stores ions that cells might need later on. Also located in a animal cell
are ribosomes. The Ribosomes task is to assemble amino acids into polypeptides, It creates an
amino acid chain that is put into the endoplasmic reticulum when the chain is complete it is sent
into the golgi apparatus. The golgi apparatus is where proteins are packed processed and then sends
them out. The golgi apparatus has layers called golgi bodies.
Golgi bodies cut up proteins into hormones and they also combine proteins with carbohydrates to
make molecules. The golgi bodies put the finishing touches on the lysosomes. Lysosomes are
organelles that have enzyme sacks that break down the cell's waste and turns them into other
compounds. An important part of an animal cell is the nucleus. The nucleus in a animal cell stores
the cells DNA and all the information the cell needs. It also holds the chromatin that produces
chromosomes.
The nucleus is located inside the nucleus. It's job is to make rRNA then it sends mRNA to the
ribosomes. Finally, the animal cell has a mitochondria that is where

Plant Cell Centrioles
Nucleus: it's a double membrane that is closed all around and sends messages to the cytosol via
numerous nuclear pores, that is near the nucleus. The nucleus contains the DNA. Some cells genes
can be turned off because of what type of cell it is.
Nucleolus:the organelle inside of the nucleus. It creates ribosomes and transfers it out of the nucleus.
Cytosol: The protein within the cytosol helps control the cell metabolism.
Centrosome:It where most of the microtubules are made. Plant and animal cells centrosomes have
almost the same jobs during a cell's division. Only difference is that plants cell centrosomes does not
contain centrioles.
Centriole: Has nine groups of fused microtubules, with three in each group, in a shape of a ring. A
complete...show more content...
You see them mostly in animal cells, but if found in plant cells then it's in the vacuole.
Peroxisome:In plant cells it has the job of turning fatty acids into sugars and many other jobs. While
in animal cells, peroxisomes kills the toxic hydrogen peroxide that the cell has made.
Secretory Vesicles: the secretory vesicles moves the cell secretions that was inside of the golgi, to
the cell surface and let it go
Cell membrane: closes the cell all the way around. It also has two layers of phospholipids. One the
phospholipids is hydrophilic. The hydrophilic is exposed and it can touch water. Another one is
hydrophobic and can't touch water. The cell membrane protects it from any water that you can't
control. It has many proteins that are important for the cell to do other things
Mitochondria:It creates energy for the cell to do anything.
Vacuole: Helps with intracellular digestion and throws out the waste products in the cell. The plant
vacuole is bigger than the vacuole in a animal cell. The plant vacuole plays many jobs, such as
storing nutrients and waste products, helps the cell grow bigger, and controls turgor pressure in the

Why Is Plant Cells?
Why is it that plant cells are autotrophic whereas animal cells are not? The answer is simple;
chloroplasts. These are green organelles that are the main site for photosynthesis in plant cells.
They allow the plant to be known as the 'producer' in a food chain. Being such an essential part of
the plant cell, the question arises, where exactly did they come from in the first place. Have they
been a part of the plant cells since the beginning of time or did they evolve from some other species,
and how are they able to carry out a process without which there would probably no life on earth.
Where did they come from? Interestingly, like organisms chloroplasts have ancestors too. These are
called "cyanobacteria". Cyanobacteria are morphologically complex organisms which belong to the
family of eubacteria, also known as 'true bacteria'. Chloroplasts evolved from these organisms by the
'endosymbiont hypothesis' which is the same mechanism that explains how mitochondria evolved.
According to this theory, chloroplasts were not just mere structures once, in fact they were
individual organisms and that is the reason that they contain their own genome. Not only were they
quite similar to cyanobacteria, they also had a close relationship with plants cells, an interaction
known as a symbiotic relationship. One can wonder, what exactly happened to chloroplasts then?
Why didn't they remain an individual species? Over time, these 'photosynthetic bacterial cells'
formed the chloroplasts

Lab Report On Plant Cell Walls
Introduction:
Plant cell walls are composed of: Pectin matrices, cellulose microfibrils and branches of
hemicellulose. Cell walls give plant cells their rigid oblong shape (in morphogenesis) and its strength
aids the plant cell's maintenance of osmotic stability–preventing lysis and crenation when exposed to
hypertonic or hypotonic environments respectively. The apoplast pathway in the cell wall is also
completely permeable to ions and small particles–while preventing the entry of toxic
macromolecules.
Second to cell walls, plant cell membranes contain a variety of different lipids (made of fatty acids),
proteins and carbohydrates. The two–molecule thick–layered structure of membranes is made of a
bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids...show more content...
The tonoplast is similar the external plasma membrane–in that there are also intrinsic transmembrane
proteins which govern the movement of a variety of ions and the one–way entry of betalain
molecules–produced via the flavonoid pathway in the cytoplasm.
In fig.1, the absorbance values of the resultant beetroot solutions show a clear increase with
increasing temperature, this is gradual from 23В°C to 60В°C, but this steeply increases until
70В°C–which was the last data point. Extrapolation may show an exponential increase, until all the
red pigment has been liberated from all of the beetroot cells, and the trend line would thus plateau
horizontally.
In fig.2, the absorbance readings of H2O and chloroform are relatively very small–almost negligible,
IMS has the second highest reading and Rapid freezing did the most damage to the beetroot cells'
membranes with a very high absorbance reading. This was so high that it couldn't be detected by the
monochromatic light from the spectrophotometer–dilutions were made as a result and the
absorbance was multiplied to its true value.
Discussion:
The monochromatic light of the spectrophotometer was set to a value of 540nm (the green region of
the visual spectrum). This is essential because the betacyanin pigments present in the vacuoles of
beetroot cells are what give the vegetable its distinctive red colour (light transmitted), so the
'compromise' green wavelength is absorbed in the greatest

Cell Biology : An Introduction Of The Cell
Cell Biology
An introduction to the cell
The cell is the smallest unit able to sustain life, and they are often referred to as the building
blocks of life. There are two primary types of cell, which are categorized according to the way their
genetic material is packaged, rather than size or shape. These are:
1.Prokaryote cells – bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not
separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitive life on
earth.
2.Eukaryotic cells – found in animals, plants and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is sectioned off
from the cytoplasm in its own membrane compartment called the nucleus.
Cells share many common features but have adapted over billions of years in a wide array of
environments, to provide a variety of functional roles.
The structures and functions of a cell.
In order for cells and organisms to "live" they need to perform certain tasks such as produce energy
through respiration, send messages, maintenance and reproduction. To enable the cell to do so, it
contains within small structures called organelles, each organelle is different and carries out a
specific function.Pic 1: (biology.about.com)
The

City Cell Vs Plant Cell Essay
There are many different ways in which a cell can be compared to something else. You can compare
a cell to a factory, a school, or even a city. When comparing a cell to a city each organelle acts as
different part of the city. One example of an organelle comparing to a part of a city is the cell
membrane. The cell membrane can be compared to the boundaries of a city. Just like how the cell
membrane keeps all of the organelles inside, the boundaries of a city determine what is or is not
within city limits. In a city the most important building is the city hall. This is where all city's
government officials work. City hall is very much like the nucleus in a cell. The nucleus holds and
protects all the cell's genetic information just like how city hall holds all the records...show more
content...
Just like the ribosomes factory workers are responsible for building and producing items that the
city needs. Next is the endoplasmic reticulum which is what molecules inside the cell travel
along. This obviously compares to the roads which people in a city travel along to get from place
to place. In a plant cell there is a "reservoir" that stores water for that it might need later. City's
need to store water too and to do this they use water towers. These two are almost exact because
they both only have one responsibility which is to just store water for later usage. Now although
their are many other organelles in a cell these are just a few that can relate well to the different
parts of a city. Cells are a huge part of biology and even though we just compare them to different
things in a city just to get a better understanding of what they do, a cell itself really is just like one
tiny city inside our bodies. Because without every organelles doing its job we wouldn't be able to
function the way we do. And the same is with a city in real life. If every part of the city isn't running
smoothly then it just wouldn't be able to work

Elodea Plant Cell Structure
Elodea is an aquatic plant with high vegetative development. The advantage of using Elodea as a
plant sample is that, its bright green leaves are well suited to study some of their cellular organelles
without previous preparations, the plant clearly exhibits cell activity by visibly demonstrating
cytoplasmic streaming; the cytoplasmic streaming in elodea can be measured by observing the
movement of chloroplasts throughout the cell. This specimen is so popular to demonstrate plant cell
structure because the cells in the Elodea plants are very large so can be observed using a light
microscope with a white

Plant Cell Structures
Name: Ezeugo Okechukwu David
Date: 5/16/17
Instructors name: Mathew Routh
Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report
Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures
Animal cell
NumberCell structureDescription and Function
1Nuclear pore This is a protein lined channel or Microscopic channel which allows ions and small
molecules in and out of nucleus
2Chromatin (DNA)It consists of DNA and histones, it helps to put the DNA into a small Volume
and serves as a body that helps to control DNA and expression.
3NucleolusIt is located inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cell and sits in the nucleus and assembles the
ribosomes
4Nuclear envelopIt separates the nucleus from cytoplasm in the eukaryotic cells and It encloses the
nucleus and allows content to move...show more content...
16Peroxisomes Organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, bound by a single membrane and
roughly spherical.
17Plasma membrane Every living cells possess a plasma membrane which encloses their content.
18CentriolesAn organelle which is made up of protein strands called microtubules. that makes
copies of themselves and helps divide cells
19Golgi bodyA layered organelle located near the nucleus which is present in most eukaryotic cells.
It processes a bundle lipids and protein as they are synthesized within the cell
20Centrosome An organelle located inside the nucleus of a cell which are made from two centrioles.
They help to organize microtubules which are utilized during cell

Essay on Plant hormones
Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal
factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and
transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue,
a given hormone may have different effects.
Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant
hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized in one part of the plant and
translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response.
There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented
by only one compound,...show more content...
Auxins usually affect other processes in addition to cell elongation of stem cells but this
characteristic is considered critical of all auxins and therefore defines the hormone.
Functions:
1. Stimulates cell elongation
2. Stimulates cell division in the cambium and, in combination with cytokinins in tissue culture
3. Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
4. Stimulates root initiation on stem cuttings

Essay about Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Plant cells have many different parts that are need to work together and function as a whole. These
parts are the cell membrane which can be compared to a "Condom" due to the fact that is a very thin
protective layer that lets certain substances to pass through. Cell wall is a thicker rougher membrane,
which gives the plant most of its structure and support, the cell wall also bond with other cell walls
to form the structure of the plant. Centrosome may be also referred to as the "Microtubule
organizing center" it's looks like a small body near the nucleus having a dense center and radiating
tubules, here in the centrosome is where the microtubules are made. Chloroplast is a CD shaped
organelle that holds the plants...show more content...
Smoother ER moves newly made proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus. Vacuole is a large
membrane–bound space within the plant cell that is filled with fluid, within the fluid often is stored
materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Animal Cell The animal cell like the plant cell has many different organelles but each one is need
to work as a whole. Here are the organelles and their functions, Cell membrane is a thin layer of
protection which can be viewed as a "Condom" which is made for a payer of protein and fats, the
membrane allows some substance to pass though but not others. Centrosome is a rather small
organelle located near the nucleus, it has a rather dense center and radiating tubules. Here is where
microtubules are made. Cytoplasm is a jell like material that surrounds the nucleus which is where
the organelles are located. Golgi body is a flat, layered organelles that looks like a stack of
pancakes, it produces the membrane that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages protein
and carbohydrates to be sent out of the cell.
Lysosome also called vesicles sphere shaped organelles surrounded by a membrane, contain digestive
enzymes. This is where the digestion of nutrients takes place. Mitochondrion is a sphere shaped rod
like organelles with two membrane, the mitochondrion converts the

DNA And Synthesis Essay
There are 3 stages occur during interphase, which are G1 (gap one), S (synthesis) and G2 (gap
two). In G1 stage (also known as Growth phase), the cell grows, made protein, enzymes, nutrients
and organelles, which are needed for the DNA replication. In S stage, DNA replication happened
following the process of semi–conservative replication. In this process, the DNA helicase unwinds
the double helix structure (at replication fork). DNA polymerase is the enzyme that makes new
strands of DNA. It adds nucleotides onto the new strand towards the 3' end of the new strand.
Leading strands (3' to 5' direction) and Lagging strands (5' to 3' direction) are replicated differently.
DNA wraps around a special protein group call Histone. The chromosomes will have an X shape
with a pair of chromatids attach to one centromere in each chromosome. The cell will continue to
grow in G2 stage and will look for mistakes in the DNA and make sure that cells contain enough
protein that needed before going to mitosis.
11.
Cytokinesis
Plant cellsAnimal cells
Because plant cells have cell wall, they to divide by formation of membrane. The cell plate is
formed by vesicle in the middle of the cell. The cell plate will continue to grow and become a new
cell wall.Cells form a cleavage furrow in the middle of the cells allow it to divide. Furrowing
continues to constrict two sides of the membrane until they touch. Then, the membrane fuse and the
two new daughter cells are separated.
A mid body is

Similarities Between Plant And Animal Cells
Cells are the basic unit of life, every living thing is made up of them (Robson). Cells are the
smallest unit of life, they consist of a cytoplasm and a membrane (Wiki). Cells can be unified as
either unicellular or multicellular (Wiki). Multicellular cells consist of plant and animal cells, the
number of cells in each plant and animals vary from species to species (Wiki). Plant and animal
cells have many similarities and differences such as their size, what they are made up of, and their
cell walls.
Plant cells are typically smaller than animal cells, they range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length
(Bailey). The defined shape of a cell wall is rectangular (Robson). The cell walls of this plant
organism are rectangular due to the rigid cell walls, therefore forcing the cell to have a defined
shape (Scienceline).
Plant cells have a cell wall composed a membrane and cellulose (Bailey). Cellulose is a complex
carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose molecules (Nutrients Review). The cell wall in
the cell of a plant that surrounds the membrane is rigid and is made up of three layers (Bailey).
The three layers of the membrane in a plant cell is the primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, and
the middle lamella (Robson). The main functions of these layers and the cell wall in the plant cell
are to prevent loss of water, offer support and limited plasticity, and prevent overextension caused by
too much water in the cell (Robson). While plant cells are made up of a membrane

Plant Cells
Activity 3: Sugar Cube Plant Cells
Students will understand the shape, function and purpose of differentiated organelles by modeling a
plant cell with sugar cubes. They will also be tasked to label and write down the function for five of
the more important organelles.
Set–up:
Every student will need 20 sugar cubes, one piece of chip board and five toothpicks. At each table,
you can place markers, glue and address labels for the students to share.
Demo and discussion:
Introduce the concept of plant cells and animal cells. Make sure your students understand that cells
are the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms and that cells
are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently. Focus...show more content...
Plant cells specifically contain cell walls, a very large vacuole and plastids – the most important of
which is the chloroplast.
Eukaryote – Any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles contained within a
membrane.
Organelle – A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function or job.
Nucleus – The control center of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus contains most of the genetic material
of the cell, and the main function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to
control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression.
Mitochondria – The powerhouse of the cell – mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of
adenosine triphosphate which is a source of chemical energy.
Cell Wall– In plant cells, the cell wall is primarily made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin and
is important for the structure and protection of the cell.
Chloroplasts – The organelle that is most involved with photosynthesis – the conversion of light
energy from the sun into chemical energy or "food" for the plant. The photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll captures the light and converts it into adenosine triphosphate that provides the plant
necessary energy. Chloroplasts also free oxygen from

Comparing Plant Cells
The purpose of this lab was the observe and compare a plant cell and a single celled animal
organism under a microscope. Out of both of the substances we looked at one of them was
eukaryotic while the other was prokaryotic. The prokaryotic substance was the Elodea because the
plant cell did not contain a nucleus. The eukaryotic substance was the single celled organism because
the cell contained a nucleus. The similarities between animal and plant cells are that they both
contain a nucleus, meaning they both are eukaryotic; they both also contain a cytoplasm, cell
membrane, vacuole, and a mitochondrion. Some of these may not have been visible during the lab
because our microscopes weren't strong enough to reveal them. We compared the two different

Plant Cell Essay

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Plant Cell Essay