The document discusses the cultivation of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). It describes the taxonomic classification of A. bisporus, noting that it is a fungus native to North America. It then outlines the life cycle of A. bisporus, explaining that the mushroom is the fruiting body produced during sexual reproduction to spread spores. Finally, it provides an overview of the mushroom cultivation process, including preparation of spawn, compost, and conditions for fruiting body formation.

1. Mushroom Culture
By
Prof. Devilal N.Watakhere
HOD of Botany RMGM Saoli

2. Table “Button” Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus

3. Table “Button” Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus
• Eukaryote
• Nuclei in Cells
• Multicellular
• Cell wall present
• Heterotroph
• Sessile
• Mostly sexual
reproduction
• Kingdom Fungi

4. Table “Button” Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus
Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Fungi
Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales (gilled fungi)
Agaricaceae
Agaricus
bisporus

5. Agaricus bisporus
Native to North
America, these
common fungi
are naturally
found in
manure heaps,
garden waste
and roadsides,
as well as at
the base of
trees.

6. Agaricus bisporus
The mushroom
itself is just the
“fruit” of a tangle
of hyphae that are
in the soil eating
nutrients that are
available.

7. Agaricus bisporus
It’s only when the
fungus attempts to
breed and spread
spores sexually that
the mushroom grows
up out of the soil.

8. Agaricus bisporus
Like most members of
the order Agaricales,
table mushrooms have
“gills”, or folds under
the hood of the
mushroom to allow
spread of millions of
new spores.

9. Varieties of Agaricus bisporus
• Americans eat about 4 pounds (2 kg) of
mushrooms each year.
• In the US, over 700 million dollars are
made in the mushroom industry each
year.

16. Raising of pure culture done in the Laminar Air Flow Chamber to
maintain aseptic condition.

17. Inoculation of fungal spores in culture media in test tube.

18. Keep this culture test tubes in incubator for two weeks.

19. 1.Master spawn culture medium is made from Wheat grains.
2. Boiled the Wheat grains and then spread on floor for drying.

20. Mixing of wheat grains with Gypsum and Calcium Carbonate

21. Packing of spawn medium in polythene bags

22. After packing keep bags in autoclave for maintaining septic
condition in bags

23. Inoculation of mushroom spore in spawn media.

24. Master spawn ready kept in control room at 25 C

30. 1. Paddy straw mulching

31. CAN: Calcium Ammonium Nitrate, SSP: Single Super Phosphate
MOP: Murate Of Potash, mix all. with urea and wheat bran

33. Covering of this mixture with cloth for two weeks.

34. Mixing of this mixture with paddy mulch.

35. Keep this mixture for 28 days.

37. Mix spawn of mushroom with compost,500 gm/Quintle.

38. Packing of spawn mixture in polythene bags.

39. Keep this bags in control room at 25 C temp. With 90%
humidity, for 1-2 weeks.

41. 1.Mix the garden soil with farm yard manure (FYM).
2. Then spray this mixture with 4% formalin to maintain aseptic
condition.

42. Keep it covered with sheet for one day.

44. Casing of soil on spawn bags.

45. Kept in control room at 90% humidity with 25 C temp.

46. 1.Mushroom start forming fruiting bodies in 10-15 days.
2. Period of mushroom growing is 40-50 days.

47. Harvesting is done with 7 days
interval.

48. Same procedure done for Oyster mushroom culture.