The Past, Present and Future of Detroit

The City of Detroit
Past, Present and Future
Presentation to
Detroit Young Professionals (DYP)

Kurt Metzger
Data Driven Detroit (D3)

January 31, 2013

A Michigan Nonprofit Association Affiliate
Affiliated with the Michigan Nonprofit Association

Mission
Data Driven Detroit provides accessible
high-quality information and analysis to
drive informed decision-making.


www.DetroitDataCollaborative.org

Development
History

Year Built
by 5 Acre Gridcells

1920 and Earlier
1921 - 1940
1941 - 1960
1961 - 1980
1981 - 1990
1991 - 2000
2001 - 2004

Growth of Detroit Suburbs Post-World War II
Post-
3,500,000
Tri-
Tri-County Totals
3,150,147
3,092,197
1950 3,016,197
3,000,000 1960 3,762,390 2,884,705
1970 4,203,743 2,840,897
1980 4,044,236 2,692,261
1990 3,912,679
2000 4,043,467
2,500,000
2010 3,863,924

2,092,246

2,000,000
1,849,568

1,670,144
1,511,482
1,500,000

1,166,629 1,203,339

1,027,974
951,270
1,000,000
713,777

500,000

0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Source: Census Bureau

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

Persons Per Square Mile
40,000 - 80,150
30,000 - 39,999
20,000 - 29,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
8 - 4,999
I-75

Population Density, by Census Tract
0 0.45 0.9 1.8
1950
Miles
Sources: Data Driven Detroit, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
Claritas, Demographics Now, US Census Bureau 7/30/2010

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

40,000 - 56,275
30,000 - 39,999
20,000 - 29,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
1,410 - 4,999
No Population
I-75

0 0.45 0.9 1.8
1960
Miles

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

30,000 - 39,582
20,000 - 29,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
405 - 4,999
I-75

0 0.45 0.9 1.8
1970
Miles

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

30,000 - 32,710
20,000 - 29,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
29 - 4,999
No Population
I-75

0 0.45 0.9 1.8
1980
Miles

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

10,000 - 16,901
5,000 - 9,999
115 - 4,999
No Population
I-75

0 0.45 0.9 1.8
1990
Miles

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

10,000 - 17,090
5,000 - 9,999
8 - 4,999
No Population
I-75

0 0.45 0.9 1.8
2000
Miles

I-75
M-10
M-39

I-94

M-8

M-10

I-94
M-39
I-96 I-96

I-75
M-10

I-96
I-94
I-75

M-39 I-375
I-94
M-10

I-75

10,001 - 16,051
5,001 - 10,000
6 - 5,000
No Population
I-75

2010
0 0.45 0.9 1.8
Miles
Sources: Data Driven Detroit, Wayne State University,
Detroit, Michigan

Detroit in 201

“It was the best of times,

it was the worst of times.”

Charles Dickens…..A Tale of Two Cities

Hazel Warren Eastpointe St Clair Shores
Southfield Oak Park Royal Ferndale Park 102
Oak
102
Harper
Grosse
Woods Pointe

Mound Rd
Woods
24

E

75
McNichols
Rd

53
Evergreen Rd

8
Highland
Park Grosse
5 Pointe

3
Hamtramck Farms

10
Grosse
Pointe

Co
39

Grosse

nn
Pointe

er
St
96 94 Park
Redford Detroit ve
W tA
Je f res
frie
ve E Fo
Fw s e nA e
y arr Av

Livernois A
EW

on
1
Evergreen Ave

rs
ffe
Je
W n W st E
rre o re
Wa veF v e

ve
A A
E r
he
Fis wy
F
Dearborn 75

375
Heights

Fis W
12

her
153

Fw
y
85
Dr
ag

Dearborn
oo

Pct. Change in Population, 2000-2010
nS
t

By Census Tract, Detroit, MI
Percent Population Change Population Less Than 100
Inkster -63.2% - -45% Other City

Melvindale -44.9% - -30%
River -29.9% - -15%
Rouge
-14.9% - 0%
Allen
Park 0.1% - 15%
15.1% - 30%
Taylor
Lincoln 30.1% - 493.2%
Ecorse
Park

0 0.5 1 2
Source: U.S. Census. Data Driven Detroit. 4/15/2011 Miles

2000 – 2010 Population Change by Race/Ethnicity Group
CITY OF DETROIT

All Ages -25.0%

NonHispanic 26 4%
-26.4%

White -44.4%

African American -24.0%

Native American -25.1%

Asian and PI -19.2%

Other Race -40.7%

Multi Race -33.1%

Hispanic 3.2%

-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60%

Source: 2010 Census

The Suburban Movement of the 1990s Increased Post-2000
Post-
With Exodus of African Americans From Detroit

African Other/
White Asian Hispanic
American Multi

Macomb -16,189 50,902 8,176 6,660 2,664

Oakland -68,354 42,595 18,319 12,921 2,104

Washtenaw 3,642 3,826 6,746 5,021 2,530

Wayne -126,804 -131,826 10,659 18,053 -10,316

Out-Wayne
Out- -82,487 53,567 12,445 16,541 -3,327

Detroit -44,317 -185,393 -1,786 1,512 -6,989

Source: Census Bureau

2000 – 2010 Population Change by Age Group
DETROIT

All Ages -25.0%

Age 0-4 -34.2%

Age 5-9 -47.2%

Age 10-14 -36.8%

Age 15-19 -4.5%

Age 20-24 -17.6%

Age 25-29 -41.0%

Age 30-34 -39.3%

Age 35-39 -30.8%

Age 40-44 -33.3%

Age 45-49 -25.5%

Age 50-54 -3.7%

Age 55-59 19.4%

Age 60-64 26.5%

Age 65-69 -6.6%

Age 70-74 -30.2%

Age 75-79 -29.6%

Age 80-84 -11.6%

Age 85+ 3.8%

-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60%

Source: 2010 Census

Hazel Warren Eastpointe St Clair Shores
Oak Park Royal Ferndale Park 102
Southfield
Oak
102
Harper
Woods Grosse
Pointe
24 Woods

75

53
8
Highland
Park Grosse
5 Pointe

3
Hamtramck Farms

10
Grosse
Pointe
39

96 Grosse
Pointe
94 Park
Redford

1
96

Dearborn 75

375
Heights
12 Detroit
153

85

Dearborn
Pct. Change, Population Under 18
Inkster By Census Tract, Detroit, MI, 2010
Percent Change Other City
-92.8% - -60% Less than 25 Youth
-59.9% - -40%
Melvindale
River -39.9% - -20%
Rouge
-19.9% - 0%
Allen
Park 0.1% - 20%
20.1% - 40%
Taylor
Lincoln 40.1% - 47.8%
Ecorse
Park
0 0.5 1 2
Source: U.S. Census. Data Driven Detroit. 4/13/2011
Miles

St Clair
Hazel Eastpointe Shores
Oak Park Ferndale Warren
Southfield Park
Royal
Oak 5032 5031 5002 5001
5075 5068 5067 5061
5392 5391 5081 Harper
5390 5381 5051 5050 5033 5034 Grosse
48235
5408 5401 5062 5003 Woods
5417 5409 5080 5069 5066 Pointe
48234
5074
48205
5418 5415 5397 5388 5389 5382 Woods
5407 5402 5393 5035 5006
5410 5070 5065 5007
5079
48219 5396 5394 5386 5073
5071 5063 5049 5036 5008
48236
5406 5403 5384 5004 5005 5009
5387 5383 5064
5414 5412 5411 5405 5385 5078 5072 5040 5041 5010 5015
5413 5395 5054
48203
5404
48221 5113 5011
5104 5052 5039 5012 5016 Grosse
5431 5376 5369 5362 5361
5432 5421 5302 5301 5105 5048 5042 5014 Pointe
Highland 5106 5017
48238 48224
5443 Farms
48212
5430 5375 5370 5368 5363 5044 5043 5013
5442 5435 5422 Park 5110 5121
5434 5303 5018
5429 5423 5377 5371 5367 5364 5317 Hamtramck
5047
5055 5122 5020 5019
5436 Grosse
Redford 5441 48223 5425 5424 5378
5316
5304 5315 5319 5114
5107
48213 5143 5123
5124 Pointe
5437 5428 5366 5365 5322
5438 5372 5318
Grosse
48211
5426 5373 5305 5313 5323 5159 5142 5126
5427 5314 5141 Pointe
48227
5440 5439 5312 9852
5342 5324
5464 5469 5451
5352
5343 5341 5309 48206 5339 5119
5112 9851 5185 5161 5145
5139
5129 Park

48239 5353 5311 5331 5184
5160
48202
5351 5344 5308 5326 5156 5132
5463 5465 5468 5452 5332 5330 9859 5186 5162 5136 5137

5466 5467 5453 5354 5357 5347
5345
5335 5334 5333 5224 5180
5188 5163
5152 5154
48214 48215
5350 5133
48228 5454 5355 5356 48204
5337 5336
5222
5223 5202
5175
5189
5168
5164 5153 5157
5461 5460 5272 5219 5203
5462 5455
5265
9850 5273
482085204 5167

48201 48207
5459 5218 5169
5221 5220 5166 9855
Dearborn 5170
5456 5264 5254
Heights 5458 5262 5215 5165
5261 5263 5255 5213 5207 5172 5171
5457
48210
5258 5214 48226
5260
5257
5256 5231
48216
5208 48243
5234 5211
5240 5233 9853
5241 5232
Dearborn
5238
5242
5250
48209
Detroit Zip Codes and
5243

5249

2010 Census Tracts
5245
Inkster
48217
Melvindale
River
5247 Rouge
Allen
Park 5248

Taylor Lincoln
Ecorse
Park
0 0.5 1 2
Source: Data Driven Detroit. U.S. Census. Michigan Center for Geographic Information. 2011.
Miles

When Children Reached School Age, Many Parents Decided to
Leave Detroit for the Suburbs

0%
The Population 5
to 9 years of age
decreased in all -10%
-24.0%
ZIP Codes.
48205
Losses -20% -39.1%
48207
-46.3% -47.7%
accelerated -47.5%
-54.4% -54.9% 48211
when children -58.6%
-30% 48212
reached school -63.0%
age, with African 48213
American -40% 48214
families leaving 48215
for close in
48224
suburbs. -50%
Hamtramck 48234
fared much
better than the -60%
rest.
-70%

Family Economic Security
State of the Detroit Child

Food Assistance Program Participation 2007 - 2010
Detroit Food Assistance Program Participation
Change in Median Household
50
& Family Income

40
$45,695
41.0%
$39,855
30
In 2011, 41 percent of Detroit households $30,524
27.4% When adjusted to 2011 dollars, median
20 reported receiving food assistance. The
$25,193 household income in Detroit decreased by
rate for Wayne County, outside of Detroit,
more than a third (36.8 percent) between
was 16.6 percent, while the state, minus
10 1999 and 2011. Half of all Detroit house-
Detroit, came in at 16.5 percent.
Household Family holds had an annual income in 2011 of less
0 than $25,000. Families, while losing a little
less buying power than households, expe-
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 rienced a 33.2 percent decrease.
1999 2011 1999 2011

While the economic downturn was felt
Children Living Below the Poverty Line in 2011 across the state, with large decreases in all
areas, median household income in 2011
15 to 17 years 48.8%
for the state was 1.8 times that of Detroit
at $45,981 and the state’s median family
12 to 14 years 58.7% income was 1.9 times higher at $56,068.

6 to 11 years 56.0%

5 Years & Under 62.7%

Percent of children in poverty: Percent Change

34.8% in 1999. 57.3% in 2011. +64.7% -33.2%
1999 to 2011

-36.8%
The percent of children and youth in pov- driven by the high poverty rates of single
erty increased from 34.8 percent in 1999 parent, female-headed, families. While the
to 57.3 percent in 2011. As shown above, poverty rate for married couple families
the youngest children, 5 years and younger, with children was 29.7 percent in 2011, Percent Change in Median
had the highest rate of poverty - 62.7 that for single parent, female-headed, fami- Household/Family Income
percent. The poverty rate for children was lies was 59.1 percent Between 1999 & 2011

Page 8

Family Economic Security
State of the Detroit Child

Family Poverty Rate by Educational Attainment Unemployment Rates
of Householder in 2011 30

60.4%
56.9%
25

50.4%
20
42.2%
40.1%
15
30.5% 29.3%
10
21.9% 22.2% 14.1%

16.1%
5

6.6%
0

Married Couple

2000

2010
2005

2009
2007
2004
1990

2002

2008
2003

2006
1998
1993

1997

1999
1996
1994

1995

2001
1992

2011
1991
Single Male Single Female

Less than high school graduate
High school graduate (includes equivalency)
35.5% Detroit
State of Michigan
49.1%
Percent of Detroit’s families Percent of Detroit’s
Some college, associate's degree
whose income in the past 12 months working age population
Bachelor's degree or higher
was below the poverty level. who were not working in 2011.

The importance of education to the eco- families had the lowest poverty rates As shown in the chart above, Detroit’s Detroit’s high unemployment rate was fur-
nomic outcomes for families is very clear across all educational attainment levels. unemployment rate has consistently been ther compounded by the fact that it had the
- income increases and poverty decreases Their lower poverty rates were due to the twice that of the state average since 2001. highest percentage of working age people
as education increases. Of all family house- fact that they are more likely to have more It began rising after 2000 and reached a not participating in the labor force of any
hold types living below the poverty level, than one earner in the household. high of 24.9 percent in2009. Additionally, major city in the country.
those with householders in possession of a the city’s unemployment rate during the
bachelor’s degree or higher experienced The highest poverty rates among fam- last decade has run well over twice that of Almost half (49.1%) of Detroiters between
dramatically lower poverty rates. ily households were found among those the six-county Detroit metropolitan area. 16 and 64 years of age reported not work-
headed by single females who lack ad- ing during 2010-2011. Only 27 percent
The poverty rate for married couple fami- vanced degrees. The poverty rate for single of the working age population reported
lies tracked consistently at half or less that parent, female-headed, families, which was working full-time during the period (50-52
of single parent families. Married couple 46.4 percent overall, dropped to only 14.1 weeks and 35 hours of more per week).
percent when the householder had at least
a bachelor’s degree.

Page 9

DETROIT STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK plan
december 2012

Live Downtown Boundaries
Woodward Corridor Initiative
Detroit Works Project Demonstration Areas
Next Detroit Neighborhood Initiative
Live Midtown Boundaries
Federal, foundation, city and corporate

¯
Skillman Good Neighborhoods investment program areas in Detroit, MI
Community Foundation
NSP I 0 0.5 1 2 3 4
Miles
NSP II
Renaissance Zones Source: Midtown Detroit Inc., CFSEM,
NSP I/II, NDNI; Data Driven Detroit. Map created 2011.

NSP I
Next Detroit Neighborhood Initiative
Detroit Works Project Demonstration Areas NSP II
Renaissance Zones

Woodward Corridor Initiative
Live Downtown Boundaries Skillman Good Neighborhoods
Live Midtown Boundaries Community Foundation

The Past, Present and Future of Detroit

The Past, Present and Future of Detroit

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The Past, Present and Future of Detroit