The document discusses how a thermostat regulates coolant flow in an engine and the signs that it may be malfunctioning. A stuck closed thermostat will cause high engine temperature readings as coolant fails to enter the engine. A stuck open thermostat allows continuous coolant flow, lowering the engine's operating temperature but reducing efficiency and increasing emissions. An inconsistently opening thermostat can cause temperature fluctuations and issues with coolant circulation that impact performance and require repair to prevent engine damage.