1. Automatic Railway Gate
Control System

2. abstract
 The aim of this project is to Automate unmanned railway gate using
mechatronics.
 PROJECT DEFINATION: The objective of this project is to manage
the control system of railway gate using the microcontroller.

3. INTRODUCTION
 The objective of this project is to manage the control
system of railway gate using the microcontroller. When
train arrives at the sensing point alarm is triggered at the
railway crossing point so that the people get intimation
that gate is going to be closed.
 AT89C51 Microcontroller: The Micro controller
(AT89C51) is a low power; high performance CMOS 8-bit
micro controller with 4K bytes of Flash programmable
and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

4.  KeilMicro vision Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment:
Keil Software development tools for the 8051 micro controller family support
every level of developer from the professional applications engineer to the student
just learning about embedded software development.
The source code is written in assembly language .It is saved as ASM
file with an extension.
The Hex file is dumped into micro controller using LABTOOL
software. At once the file is dumped and the ROM is burnt then it becomes
an embedded one.
 Step Motor Advantages: Step motors convert electrical energy into
precise mechanical motion. These motors rotate a specific incremental
distance per each step.
In motor terms, repeatability is the ability to return to a previously held
position. A step motor can achieve the same target position, revolution after
revolution.

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
IR 1 STEPPER ALERM Signals IR2
MOTOR1 for LASER
Txr Rxr
Road Txr
8
0 ULN
5 2803
1 BUFFER
MICRO
CONTROLLER
IR1 STEPPE Signals LASER IR2 POWE
Rxr R for Rxr Txr R
MOTOR2 Train SUPPL
Y

7. INTRODUCTION ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An Embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps
additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function.
The common design requirement include –
 Processing power
 Memory
 Development cost
 Number of Units
 Expected Lifetime
 Reliability
Memory
Memory
Inputs
Inputs Processor Outputs
Outputs
Processor

8. HARDWARE DISCRIPTION
 STEPER MOTOR.
 Construction and Operating the Hybrid STEP MOTOR.
 CAPACITORS:An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor typically
with a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types, making them
valuable in relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits.

9. IR CIRCUITS:This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver
unit. The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated
circuitry.
IR TRANSMITTER:The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the
transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multivibrator is
used. Infrared LED is driven through transistor BC 548.
IR RECEIVER:The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated
circuitry. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which detects IR pulses
transmitted by IR-LED.

10.  POWER SUPPLY:
To run the electronic gadget at home it is provided by some power
supply. The microcontroller used (at89c51) requires 12v D.C supply .
For design of a regulated power supply components used are:
 Transformer.
 Diodes.
 Rectifiers.
 Regulated IC chips.
 Capacitive filters.

11. SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION
Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support
every level of software developer from the professional applications engineer to
the student just learning about embedded software development.
 Select the Toolset (only required for ARM Projects).
 Create Project File and Select CPU.
 Project Workspace - Books.
 Create New Source Files.
 Add Source Files to the Project.
 Create File Groups.
 Set Tool Options for Target Hardware.
 Configure the CPU Startup Code.
 Build Project and Generate Application Program Code.
 Create a HEX File for PROM Programming.

12. KEIL MICROVISION
-An IDE for Microcontrollers
 Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support
every level of software developer from the professional applicat ions engineer to
the student just learning about embedded software development
 The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems
facing embedded software developers.

13. CONCLUSIONS:
Hence the Unmanned railway gates operate according to the data input
from sensors to microcontroller. First an alarm is triggered and then the
gate is operated.
Specifications:
 Mechanical gate arrangement
 Atmel 89C51 an 8051 family microcontroller
 SN7404 for microcontroller interfacing.
 IR sensors for sensing train
 Stepper motor to operate gates
 ULN 2803 for driving Stepper motor

14. QUEIRIES