The document discusses the BCG matrix, which was created by Bruce Henderson in 1970 to help companies analyze their business units. The BCG matrix uses market growth rate and market share to classify business units into four categories: stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs. It then provides descriptions of each category and how they affect resource allocation and cash flow. The document also provides an overview of Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), India's largest consumer goods company, and analyzes HUL's product portfolio using the BCG matrix framework.