Upload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas Babylon University College of Dentistry download this file from Website on Google  TheOptimalSmile.wix.com

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Babylon University College of DentistryBabylon University College of Dentistry
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3. Soft PalateSoft Palate
PalatePalate
-form the roof of mouth and floor
of nasal cavity.
A- Hard palate:
-Is anterior 4/5 of palate ,
forms a bony framework covered
with a mucous membrane.
-Consist of the palatine process
of maxilla and horizontal plate of
palatine bones.

5. --Contains theContains the incisiveincisive
foramenforamen in its median planein its median plane
anteriorly and theanteriorly and the greater andgreater and
lesserlesser palatine foramenpalatine foramen
posteriorlyposteriorly..
--Receive sensory innervationReceive sensory innervation
through the greater palatinethrough the greater palatine
and nasopalatine nerve andand nasopalatine nerve and
blood from greater palatineblood from greater palatine
arteryartery..

8. B- Soft PalateB- Soft Palate::
-Is moveable posterior third of
palate.
-Suspended from posterior
border of hard palate.
-Has no bony skeleton.

9. --IncludeInclude:-:-
--Anterior membrane calledAnterior membrane called aponeuroticaponeurotic
palatepalate that attached to posterior edge ofthat attached to posterior edge of
hard palatehard palate..
--Posterior fibro muscular calledPosterior fibro muscular called
muscular palatemuscular palate..
--Free margin calledFree margin called uvulauvula..
--Soft palate joint to the tonque bySoft palate joint to the tonque by
palatoglossal archpalatoglossal arch and to the pharynxand to the pharynx
byby palatopharyngeal archpalatopharyngeal arch . These. These
arches called pillar of faucesarches called pillar of fauces (throat(throat(.(.

11. Dorsal lingual a
Lesser palatine a
Ascinding palatine artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual vein

12. Muscles of Soft PalateMuscles of Soft Palate::
Are five muscles arise from base
of cranium and descend to palate
1-Tensor veli palatine
2-Levator veli palatine
3-Palatoglossus
4-Palatopharyngeus
5-Musculus uvulae

15. Innervation of Soft PalateInnervation of Soft Palate::
11--SensorySensory::
Is from maxillary nerve through pterygopalatine
ganglia via greater palatine nerve, nasopalatine
nerve, lesser palatine nerve.
22--MotorMotor::
All the muscle of soft palate are supplied by
pharyngeal plexus, except tensor vel: palatine
which supply by medial pterygaid nerve, branch
of mandibular nerve.
So lesion of vagus nerve deviates the uvula to
the opposite side.

16. Blood supply of soft palateBlood supply of soft palate
1- greater, lesser palatine
artery maxillary a.
2-ascending palatine a.
Facial a.
3-ascending pharyngeal a.
Veins of palate:
Pterygaid venous plexus.

20. PharynxPharynx
-Is a funnel-shaped fibromusclarIs a funnel-shaped fibromusclar
tube extends fromtube extends from base of thebase of the
skullskull to the inferior border of theto the inferior border of the
cricoid lastelegecricoid lastelege.
--Part of digestive systemPart of digestive system
posterior to theposterior to the nasalnasal andand oraloral
cavity and extend inferiorlycavity and extend inferiorly
posterior toposterior to larynxlarynx..

24. Subdivision of the pharynxSubdivision of the pharynx::
A- Nasopharynx:-
-lies posterior to nose and superior to soft
palate.
-communicated with nasal cavities through
nasal choanae anteriorly.
-contain the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in
its posterior wall in childhood may filled the
nasopharynx and completely block nasal
breathing.
-is connected laterally with the lymphanic
cavity through auditory (Eustachian) tube.

26. B- OropharynxB- Oropharynx:-:-
-posterior continuation of mouth cavity.
-extend between the soft palate above
and the superior border of the epiglottis
below.
-laterally contain the palatine tonsils,
which are lodged in the tonsillar fossae
and are bonded by palatoglossal and
palatopharyngeal folds.

28. Palatine tonsilPalatine tonsil
-collection of lymphatic tissue in
between anterior and posterior faucal
pillars.
-covered with mucous membrane
which is invaginated into deep crypts
whose months are visible to the naked
eye.
-the tonsil does not fill the tonsillar
cleft between palatoglossal and
palatopharyngeal arches in adults.

31. -tonsillar bed between these 2 arches is formed by
superior constrictors of pharynx.
-received blood from ascending palatine and
tonsillar branches of facial artery, ascending
palatine branch of maxillary artery, ascending
pharyngeal artery and dorsal lingual branches of
lingual artery.
-tonsillectomy is surgical removed of a tonsil, may
caused much blending because of highly vascular.
Careless operation causing severe bleeding because
the palatine tonsils are closely related to the internal
carotid artery, may caused loss of taste sensation in
posterior part of the tongue from injury to the lingual
branches of glossopharyngeal, and also loss of the
general sensation of anterior two- third of the tongue
from injury to the lingual nave.

32. C- LaryngopharynxC- Laryngopharynx
-lies posterior to larynx
-extend from upper border of epiglottis to lower
border of cricoid cartilage.
-contain the piriform recesses or fossa, one on
each side of opening of larynx, in which swallowed,
foreign bodies may be lodged. The recess is
separated from laryngeal inlet by aryepiglottic fold.
Laterally the piriform recess is bounded by medical
surface of thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyaid
membrane. Branches of internal laryngeal and
recurrent laryngeal nerve lie deep to muscous
membrane of piriform recess and are vulnerable to
injury when a foreign body lodges in this recess.

34. Pharyngeal WallPharyngeal Wall
The wall present 4 layersThe wall present 4 layers::
11--Externally Buccopharyngeal fasciaExternally Buccopharyngeal fascia
22--External circular layer (musclesExternal circular layer (muscles(.(.
--33constrictor (superior, middle,constrictor (superior, middle,
inferiorinferior((
33--Internal longitudinal layerInternal longitudinal layer
--33muscles (palatopharyngeus ,muscles (palatopharyngeus ,
stylopharyngeus , salpingopharyngeusstylopharyngeus , salpingopharyngeus(.(.
44--Mucous membraneMucous membrane..

36. Buccopharyngeal fasciaBuccopharyngeal fascia
Layer of fibrous tissue
covering both baccinator and
pharyngeal muscles , bind
upper part of pharynx to
prevertebral fascia.

37. Pharyngo-basilar fasciaPharyngo-basilar fascia
The superior, middle, inferior constrictor muscles of
pharynx overlap posteriorly and telescoped into
each other like three stacked cups. These muscles
does not extend up to base of skull, so here the
immobile wall of nasopharynx consist of rigid
membrane called pharyngo-basilar fascia extend
down to level of soft palate making fourth cup
stucked inside the other three cups. This fascia
make the wall of pharynx stiff keeping it always open
for breathing. This fascia is attached to base of skull
and to the medial pterygaid plate.

45. **Structures between base of skullStructures between base of skull
and superior constrictor areand superior constrictor are:-:-
-levator veli palatine
-pharyngotympanic tube
-ascendind palatine artery
-pharyngobasilar fascia

46. •Structures between superiorStructures between superior
and middle constrictor areand middle constrictor are:-:-
-stylopharyngeus m.
-glossopharyngeal n.
-stylohyaid ligament.

47. **Structures between middle andStructures between middle and
inferior constrictor areinferior constrictor are:-:-
-internal laryngeal n.
-superior laryngeal artery and vein
*gup inferior to inferior constrictor is for
recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior
laryngeal artery to pass superiorly into
the larynx.

49. Q1/ What is mean by Dehiscence of KillianQ1/ What is mean by Dehiscence of Killian??
Innervation of pharynxInnervation of pharynx::
Motor supplyMotor supply::
All the muscles of pharynx supply by
pharyngeal plexus, except the
stylopharyngeus muscle which is supply
glossopharyngeal nerve

50. Pharyngeal plexusPharyngeal plexus::
--lying in the lateral wall of pharynx
over middle constrictor muscle.
-derived branches from vagus
(pharyngeal branches) ,
glossopharyngeal and cervical
symphatic

51. Sensory innervation ofSensory innervation of
pharynxpharynx
-nasopharynx ______ maxillary
nerve
-oropharynx ____ glossopharyngeal
nerve
-laryngopharynx _____ include
piriform recess by vagus via internal
and recurrent laryngeal nerve.

52. Blood supply of pharynxBlood supply of pharynx::
1-Ascending pharyngeal a.
2-Branches from fascial a.
(tonsillar a.)
3-Lingual , superior , inferior
laryngeal arteries.

53. Venous drainage of pharynxVenous drainage of pharynx::
Pharyngeal venous plexus
Internal jugular v.

54. Lymphatic drainage of pharynxLymphatic drainage of pharynx
Directly ___ to deep cervical L.N.
Indirectly ___ netropharyngeal L.N. or
parotracheel L.N.

55. Q1/ Describe the anatomy of
the swallowing?
Q1/ What is mean by
Waldeyers ring?