We present two different approaches to study human pressures within the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and further developments on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). The first approach considers a single driver or sector (ie., maritime transport) and its relation to multiple pressures and their relationship with descriptors from MSFD. We use data of automated identification systems (AIS) and highlight the potential applications of this new source of data. The second approach integrates multiple drivers, which results in multiple pressures, into an integrative cumulative index. The study area is the Gulf of Lyon (NW Mediterranean), as a trans-boundary case study developed in the FP7 project KnowSeas. The results obtained highlight the potential of both approaches to be used in different steps of the MSFD.

1. SPATIAL MODELLING OF MULTIPLE PRESSURES
2104
TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD) AND MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING (MSP)
DAVID MARCH (IMEDEA-CSIC: david@imedea.uib-csic.es), CARLA MURCIANO (Plan Bleu), JOAN ALBAIGÉS (IDEA-CSIC), RAFAEL SARDÁ (CEAB-CSIC), JOAQUIN TINTORÉ (IMEDEA-CSIC, SOCIB)
CUMULATIVE PRESSURES
MARITIME TRAFFIC
ONE DRIVER, MULTIPLE PRESSURES
MOTORWAYS
OF THE SEA
MULTIPLE DRIVERS, ONE INDEX
• IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE WORLD TRADE AND ITS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• ENCLOSED SEA SUCH AS THE MEDITERRANEAN
PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE
•PRESSURES RELATED TO MSFD DESCRIPTORS:
BIODIVERSITY, ALIEN SPECIES, POLLUTION, LITTER, NOISE
HOLISTIC
APPROACH
CASE STUDY: GULF OF LYON
AIS: AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS
- REGISTER THE POSITION OF COMMERCIAL SHIPS
- WE DEVELOP A SYSTEM TO STORE, MANAGE, ANALYSE AND
VISUALIZE AIS DATA USING POSTGIS AND R.
- WE GENERATE DIFFERENT GRIDDED PRODUCTS TO
REPRESENT RELATED PRESSURES USING GIS
PRESSURE MAPPING
• TRANS-BOUNDARY CASE STUDY (TWO EU COUNTRIES)
• MARINE SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE, CONTAINING:
+ PHYSICAL SYSTEM + BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM +HUMAN SYSTEM
57 WWTP 208 OIL SPILLS
8 MAIN PORTS 45,000 MOORINGS
69 MARINAS 236 SCUBA SPOTS
7,000 PORT TRANSITS
310 BATHING SITES
20 MT FISH CATCHES
•GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
CONDITIONED BY WIDE SET OF PRESSURES FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES
•A HOLISTIC APPROACH IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF
MARINE AREAS
•IDENTIFICATION, COMPARISON AND QUANTIFICATION OF
CUMULATIVE PRESSURES ARE NEEDED
HIGH-RESOLUTION
CUMULATIVE PRESSURE ANALYSIS
35 PRESSURE MAPS
16 ECOSYSTEM TYPES
35 x 16 VULNERABILITY MATRIX
750,000 GRID CELLS
HOW
WE CALCULATE THE INDEX?
QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTORS OF
GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS (GES)
Qualitative Descriptors
of Good Environmental Status - GES
Annex I of MSD
FINAL GES
Final GES
ENERGY
Energy
AND NOISE
BIODIVERSITY
and noise
Biodiversity
UNDERWATER NOISE
TRAFFIC DENSITY
Marine
MARINE
litter
LITTER
RISK OF INTRODUCTION OF
ALIEN SPECIES
IMPLICATIONS
FOR THE MSFD
INITIAL ASSESSMENT
TANKER DENSITY
NORMALIZATION
MAP
Population of
POPILATION OF
commercial
COMMERCIAL SPECIES
species
CONTAMINATION
Contaminants
ALTERATIONS
OF HYDROGRAPHY
Alterations
of hydrography
TRANSFORMATION
NON-INDIGENOUS
Non-Indigenous
SPECIES
species
Sea-food
SEA-FOOD
contaminants
CONTAMINATION
AIS DATA
MODELLING
Eutrophication
FOOD WEBS
Eutrophication
EUTROPHICATION
SEA-FLOOR INTEGRITY
Sea-floor integrity
© Finn Bjørklid
• WE PROVIDE BASELINE INFORMATION TO SUPPORT INITIAL ASSESSMENT
• MONITORING PROGRAMS COULD USE THIS INFORMATION FOR SAMPLING DESIGN
• PROGRAMS OF MEASURES AND MSP NEED TO CONSIDER HUMAN ACTIVITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS
MONITORING PROGRAM
CUMULATIVE PRESSURE
INDEX
SUPPORTED
BY
PROGRAM OF MEASURES
GOOD
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS