ENERGY

1. BY:
BRUNO KOSTER
DAVID DIEGUEZ
BLANCA DOMINGUEZ

2. TYPES OF ENERGY
 Potential energy: it is the energy an object has due to
the place it is in and when it doesn’t move.

3.  Kinetic energy: it is the energy an object has when it is
in motion compared to its surroundings.

4.  Thermal energy: it contains both kinetic and potential
energy, when the object is hot, the particles move
faster and kinetic energy is higher.

5.  Chemical energy: it is a microscopic potential energy
that occurs when electric and magnetic forces are
attracted.

6.  Electrical energy: it is the energy stored in the
electrons inside electric fields, these atoms are
constantly moving.

7.  Electrochemical energy: it is a type of energy that is
found when we convert chemical energy into electrical
energy.
 A battery does it

8.  Gravitational energy: it is the energy an object has due
to the gravity. This object is normally over the Earth’s
surface.

9.  Sound energy: it is the energy an object has when
sound waves transform the air’s potential energy into
kinetic energy.

10.  Nuclear energy: it is the energy that envolves changes
in the atom’s characteristics, produced by the Sun or
nuclear reactors.

11.  Renewable energy sources: they are generated from
nature and can be generated again and again.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY
SOURCES

12.  ADVANTAGES:
Avaliable in high quantities.
Cheap to use.
They are not pollutants.
Stimulates economy.
They last for long.

13.  DISADVANTAGES:
Not easy to set up. Example: dams
They could damage nature. Example: hydroelectric
stations.
They depend on the weather(most of them)

14.  Non-renewable energy sources: taken from sources on
Earth in limited quantities. For example: fossil fuels,
coal.

15.  ADVANTAGES:
Cheap and easy to use.
You can use small quantities to produce a lot.
They work better than the renewable ones.
DISADVANTAGES:
They expire easily.
Not good for the environment in general.
They can be even toxic.

16. STUDENT 2
 Non-reneweable energy: Is the energy that comes from
the nature in small quantities and when they are totally
consumed they cannot be used again because there is not
a way of producing it again.
 NON-RENEWEABLE ENERGIES TWO
Fosil fuels Coal, petroleum and gas. Nuclear energy

17. FOSIL FUELS
 Coal, petroleum and gas
from these sources depends almost all industry
and transport. Are the 90% of the energy used in the
world.
Fosil fuels are made up of microorganisms from the past
Coal plants
Petroleum microorganisims and acuatic animals
Gas microorganisims and acuatic animals.

18. Carbon, gas and petroleum obtain

19.  Energy obtain
when they burn

20. THERMODYNAMICS
 It is a system that
converts thermal
energy(heat) into
mechanical energy.
 This works by a hot
source and a cold source.
 Now this in condense
forming a gas or a
vapour.

21. STEAM ENGINE
 It is the working fluid that we use that perform the
heat engine to be mechanical energy.
 Jéronimo de Ayanz y Beaumont 1606
 Example:
 steam locomotive
mill engine blowing engine

22. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
 The fuel is the material used to pass from thermal
energy to mechanical.
 The fuel burns inside the machine in difference with
the steam engine.

23. STEAM TURBINE
 It is modern, invented in 1884
 Also with steam but it is trasformed by rotated wheels.

24. GAS ENGINE
 It is an internal combustion engine which works with
gas fuel, coal, gas…

25. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
 We use natural resources.
 Solar energy, wind energy or water energy are some
examples.

26. SOLAR ENERGY
 Most abundant energy source.
 To hardness solar energy we need a solar panel.
 A generator transforms the sun´s energy in electricity.

27. WIND ENERGY
 Most important use is for electricity.
 To harness wind energy we need towers of 80 meters
high called wind turbines.
 They transform the wind´s kinetic energy into
electricity.

28. TIDAL ENERGY
 To harness these energy, we need a turbine.
 The water makes the turbine to move.
 Then we transform the turbine´s movement into energy.

29. WAVE ENERGY
 If we take a fixed point on the ocean,s surface, we see
how the waves pass above us.
 With this movement we can harness this energy.

30. BIOMASS ENERGY
 Biomass can be agricultural, forest, urban waste and
energy crops.
 Before its harnesses it needs to be transformed into new
a new material.
 Now you will see a useful video:

31. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 Usually used to heat villages, town or cities.
 We harness it taking the temperature inside the earth,
which is around 3500 °C.
 We take hot water from inside the Earth by a pipe.
 The water goes to a generator that transforms it into
elecrticity.

32. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
 GENERATION:
-thermal power plants: we put a material to burn and this
creates steam. The movement of the steam makes a
turbine to move and it creates energy. Then in a
condesnser the steams returns to liquid.

33. -hydroelectric power plant: we have water in a reservior.
Then, a valve opens and water goes to a turbine which is
moved by the movemnt of water. A generator
transforms the turbines movement ino electricity.

34. -nuclear power plants: they are like thermal power plants
but with a nuclear reaction that creates energy. The
problem is that it releases toxic wastes and the reactions
must be controlled because it is dangerous.

35.  TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION:
-We need an elecrical grid.
-An elecrical grid is a network of cables that goes to
cities, towns, villages...

36. ENERGY AND ENVIORMENT
SAVING:
 don´t use what we do not need.
 We will pollute less the enviorment.
 We will save more money
 For example, switch off the TV while not using it.

37. EFFICIENCY:
 Using objects that consume less energy.
 With this we save money and we look after the
enviorment.

38. IMPACT OF CURRENT
ELECRTICAL SYSTEM:
 These resources will run out in a future.
 They pollute the enviorment.
 Only the 10% of the production is lost so its needed more
production and this means more pollution.