1. EnlightenmentMonarchsDavid Clayton, Instructor

2. Philosophes challenged Old Regime European society VoltaireCritical of Catholic Church power Critical of absolute rulersHelped Frederick the Great for 3 years

3. Philosophes challenged Old Regime European society DiderotEncyclopedia Sold library to Catherine the Great of Russia“One of many friends of Catherine.”

4. Philosophes challenged Old Regime European society MontesquieuRule of Law Separation of PowersCatherine based her government reforms on his theories.

5. Philosophes challenged Old Regime European society RousseauHeavy influenced modern philosophy. Emotions and passion are important Noble savage“Social Contract”Regime system should be abolishedInfluenced American and French Revolution

6. Enlightenment monarchs tried to be the rational philosopher king educated according to Enlightenment ideals.

8. Education

9. Publishing

10. Journalism

12. ConstitutionEnlightenment MonarchsCatherine the GreatRUSSIAr. 1762-1796

14. Thought to be Peter- Took away freedoms to crush rebellion that were never restored.- ExecutedEnlightenment MonarchsCatherine the Greatr. 1762-1796

16. Extended serfdomEnlightenment MonarchsCatherine the Greatr. 1762-1796

18. Eliminated torture.

19. Death penalty had to be approved by him.

20. Industrial

21. Agriculture – potato

22. Education

23. “First Servant of the State.”Enlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA

25. Freedom of Press & religion

26. Thousands of miles of roads.

27. Prussian Army Code

28. American Revolution

29. Shaped German history through HitlerEnlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA

31. Soldiers mercilessly squandered in war in pursuit of glory.

32. Old monarch- power.Enlightenment MonarchsFrederick the Greatr. 1740-1786PRUSSIA

34. Everyone paid taxes

35. Abolished serfdom

38. Aristocracy

39. Hungary and Belgium who resented German language requirement.Enlightenment MonarchsJoseph IIr. 1780-1790Austria

41. Ruled for only 10 years.

42. At his death, his brother cancelled most of Joseph’s reforms to bring equality.Enlightenment MonarchsJoseph IIr. 1780-1790Austria

43. Enlightenment monarchs made strides but the real reforms would happen in America