This document outlines an agenda for a startup bootcamp session on customer development and go-to-market planning. It discusses topics like market sizing, customer profiles, revenue models, marketing strategies, sales processes, and developing business partnerships. The presentation emphasizes the importance of validating problems and solutions with potential customers through quantitative and qualitative research in order to properly prioritize product features and refine business models.

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Trajectory Series
Bootcamp – Session 2
Dave Parker
@DaveParkerSEA
www.GetTrajectory.com
@DaveParkerSEA

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Session 2 Agenda
¤ Market Sizing
¤ Customer Development Data
¤ How Startups Make Money
¤ Marketing/Sales/Business Development
¤ Go-to-Market Planning
¤ Pitch Reviews

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Markets

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Market Sizing
¤ How big is the market
¤ Cairo
¤ GCC
¤ MENA
¤ Global
¤ How do you put a BD amount to it?

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Ideal Customer Profile
B2B
¤ Company type
¤ Vertical
¤ Size/Stage
¤ Buyer profile
¤ User profile
B2C
¤ Profile
¤ Demographic
¤ “Name”

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Who is the Market & Customer

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Total Addressable Market
¤ Also called Total Available Market
¤ Think global – launch local
¤ The Upside
¤ Calculating – bottom up, Total number of customers X
Annual Revenue for your product
¤ Direct Data
¤ Explicate data
¤ Indirect Data
¤ Implicit data
¤ Triangulation Data
¤ A combination of different data sources

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Service Addressable Market
¤ Or Serviceable Available Market
¤ The part of the market that can actually be reached
¤ Sales and Marketing driven
¤ With the features you have now
¤ With the product roadmap you have
¤ Competition
¤ Not everyone that might use it, if they found it, if it was in
their language and currency

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Service Obtainable Market
¤ The subset of the market you can capture
¤ A proxy for short term upside
¤ Not Aspirational

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Who is the Market & Customer

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Launch Addressable Market
¤ Given you TAM, SAM and SOM – WHO is the customer?
¤ And limited features
¤ Who can you sell to today?
¤ B2B
¤ B2C
¤ Buyer profile
¤ What features will you need to launch to expand your
market and price?

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10, 100, 1000 Customers
¤ Have a plan for how you get your first customers
¤ 10 – it’s you and your co-founder
¤ 100 – still you, maybe one insides salesperson, forming a
process to scale
¤ 1000 – not you, scalable process
¤ Your LAM maps to your Go-to-Market (GTM)
¤ Customer
¤ Value Prop
¤ Pricing
¤ Marketing Spend and Sales effort

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Market Conditions
¤ Nascent/New market
¤ Uber, AirBnB
¤ Large markets - >$100M or $1B
¤ Large market provide “at bat” opportunities
¤ Small markets suck
¤ Headwinds or tailwinds?
¤ Covid

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Who is your customer?
¤ Product vs. Services
¤ Product is something you can deliver or ship – can you make
$$ while you sleep
¤ Services require people to deliver on the value and promise
– consulting or a restaurant
¤ Who pays the bill?
¤ A business
¤ The Consumer
¤ The product user and who pays can be different as in
Facebook or Google that make money on advertising

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Iterating on ICP
Quantitative
(scaled, user testing/acquisition
Qualitative
(personal Interviews, listening)

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Why/How do they buy?
¤ Make Money vs. Save Money?
¤ Searching for product
¤ Needs to be sold

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Market Size Examples

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Exercise - How Big is Your Market

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Dave’s Madlibs Pitch
Hi, I’m <your name here>, and my company <your Company
name here> the problem I’m solving is <insert problem here>. Our
product <insert product info here> is designed for our target
customer of <insert target customer here>. We make money by
<insert method here> and our team is the right team because
<insert why you’re awesome here>. I need help with <insert help
needed here>.

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Customer Development

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Customer Development
¤ Parallel process with Product Development
¤ “Get out of the Building”
¤ Develop for a few not Many
¤ Prioritize features based on Needs not Wants
¤ Validate with Revenue/Commitment

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What is Customer Development?
¤ Four Steps of an Epiphany – Steve Blank

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Customer Development Goals
¤ Acute focus on problem – not product
¤ Find out if customers care?
¤ What do they want?
¤ Determines the difference your product at launch and at
scale
¤ Feature priorities & Product Roadmap

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Customer Dev Mechanics
¤ Google Forms
¤ Structured questions
¤ Progression
¤ Easy to Hard
¤ What do you really want to know?
¤ Will they pay for it? How much
¤ Why will it fail
¤ Neutral, not Guided Questions

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Customer Dev Mechanics, Cont
¤ Build a list of interested parties
¤ Mail Chimp List setup
¤ Ask for permission to email
¤ Monthly updates –
¤ Format: “What we did, what we’re going to do and
where we can use your help”
¤ Regular frequency – be predictable

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What Not To Do
¤ You are not the customer
¤ Don’t tolerate a small sample set – this could delay your
success by Years
¤ Avoid “Selection Bias”
¤ “Isn’t our product amazing”
¤ No rhetorical questions
¤ No blind surveys
¤ Can’t outsource

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How Many Customer Interviews
¤ B2B – 25+
¤ Profile
¤ Job Title
¤ Type of Company
¤ B2C – 50+
¤ Demographic
¤ ¯_(ツ)_/¯ = bad

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Fundraising Note
You have opinions
You have Data
You get money!
Investors have opinions
They have money

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Hypothesis vs Fact
¤ If you are convinced you’re right you won’t be open to
radical feedback that could change the trajectory of
your business & life!
¤ Always testing what you think you know
¤ Permission to give negative feedback
¤ If this idea was to fail, why would it fail?
¤ Why is this idea stupid?

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How Startups Make Money

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Do you know?
¤ Cost to Build Known Unknown
¤ Cost to Sell Known Unknown
¤ Price Known Unknown
¤ Profit Known Unknown

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How not to make money?
¤ Small transaction values are bad
¤ Small percentages are bad
¤ Not being able to capture value is bad
¤ Lumpy sales cycles are bad
¤ Long sales cycles are bad
¤ Pricing too low could kill your idea before you start

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How to Monetize Your Startup:
Revenue Models

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Business and Revenue Models
¤ Business Models – abstract framework of Creating,
Delivering and Capturing Value
¤ Revenue Models (part of business model) is the
framework of revenue, pricing, who pay
¤ Models Lean toward Tech and Product

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1. Fee for Service
¤ Example: Consulting Services company
¤ Use: B2B & B2C
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Project Revenue
¤ Cost of delivering (usually time)
¤ Gross Margin
¤ Services are hard to scale because they require people
to deliver including Restaurant, Contractors, etc.
¤ Services include markup on cost of goods sold

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2. Commerce
¤ Example: Amazon, AmazonSupply
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Key Metrics:
¤ Wholesale or cost of goods sold
¤ Average Margin %
¤ Average Basket
¤ Commerce – Physical Goods- Wholesale, cost of goods,
retail, average margin, physical good
¤ Notes: Can mature into marketplace

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3. Subscription
¤ Example: Salesforce , Box, Spotify
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Average Revenue Per User (ARPU)
¤ Conversion ratio – e.g. trial to purchase
¤ Churn
¤ Challenges: MVP won’t be enough to be Kick Ass Product
¤ Notes: Highest multiple, forecastable revenue

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4. Metered Servcie
¤ Example: AWS, Splunk, Azure
¤ Use: Favors B2B
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Average Revenue Per User (ARPU)
¤ Conversion ratio – e.g. trial to purchase
¤ Churn
¤ Challenges: MVP won’t be enough to be Kick Ass Product
¤ Notes: Highest multiple, forecastable revenue

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5. Transaction Fees/Rental
¤ Example: 99Designs, KickStarter, Elance, Chugg
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Average transaction revenue
¤ Fee % per transaction
¤ Number of transactions
¤ Challenges: Margins are small (15%), need efficiency
¤ Notes: Don’t start too low

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6. Productize a Service
¤ Your offerings is generally complex and requires services
to deploy
¤ Gross margin on Services >35%
¤ Product development comes with services
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Examples: Moz, service company convert to tools.
¤ Challenges – difficult to make the transition away from
services

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7. Marketplaces
¤ Example: eBay, Alibaba
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Average Transaction Amount
¤ Number of Monthly Transactions
¤ Commission %
¤ Challenges: two sided market places require you start
with one side, value to seller & Product market fit (x2)
¤ Notes: critical mass or marketplace required

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8. Combinations
¤ Combinations business models happen for two reasons
¤ You don’t know which model is right
¤ At scale you can expand revenue sources
¤ Examples: Hardware sensors + software services to create
data analytics
¤ Challenges – most require scale or at least traction

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9. Lead Generation
¤ Example: Mint.com, AllStarDirectories, NetQuote
¤ Use: B2C & B2B
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Cost to generate traffic
¤ % conversion of form data
¤ Price per lead
¤ Challenges: Highly competitive, barrier of entry is low
¤ Notes: Conversion rates average 0.06%

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10. Gaming
¤ Example: King.com/Candy Crush
¤ Use: B2C Only
¤ Key Metrics:
¤ Downloads
¤ % play
¤ Average in app purchase
¤ Challenges – tends to be “hit driven business”
¤ Notes: use in first 21 days is a predictor of success

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11. Advertising/Search
¤ Example: Google, Facebook
¤ Use: B2B – advertisers pay, users are free
¤ Key Metrics
¤ Traffic
¤ Click
¤ Avg. revenue/click
¤ Challenges – Scale, need >1M uniques/month to
consider the option

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12. New Media
¤ Example: SnapChat, WhatsApp
¤ Use: B2C only
¤ Key Metrics:
¤ K-Factor (Viral Co-efficient)
¤ Network effect of inviting others to join
¤ Challenges – K-Factor is hard. Little revenue until scale
¤ Notes: Everyone wants to! Not happening in B2B
¤ No revenue acutally required

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13. Big Data
¤ Examples: PatientsLikeMe
¤ Use: B2B
¤ Key Metrics:
¤ Per API Call
¤ Per record pricing
¤ Frequency/recency
¤ To monetize data, you need to have the data in
advance or massive cash

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14. Licensing
¤ Example: Think Microsoft office license or server license –
before subscription. Content Licensing
¤ Use: B2B
¤ Key Metrics:
¤ Duration of license
¤ Upgrades & maintenance (20-25% annually)
¤ Use can be based on vertical market or geography

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Revenue Models– Pick Two
1. Fee for Service
2. Commerce
3. Subscription
4. Metered Service
5. Transaction Fee/Rental
6. Productize a Service
7. Marketplace
8. Combinations
9. Lead Generation
10.Gaming
11.Advertising/Search
12.New Media
13.Big Data
14.Licensing

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Marketing – Finding the right
customers

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Marketing – Finding Customers
¤ Messaging/Value Proposition
¤ Does it resonate with the target customer segment
¤ They are the hero of the story
¤ Is it repeatable?
¤ Strategy
¤ Outbound first
¤ Inbound second

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Key Metric Terms
¤ State your hypothesis
¤ CAC
¤ LTV
¤ ARPU
¤ Churn
¤ Time to Close
¤ Customer engagement
¤ Time on Site

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Organic
Search
Paid
Search
Word
of
Mouth
Sales
Calls
PR
Miracles!
Time
to
Close
Month
1
Month
2
Month
3
Month
4
$
Spen
d
#
Conv
#
Conv
#
MRR
Time

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Marketing Channels
¤ Paid Search
¤ Organic Search
¤ Word of mouth
¤ Sales calls
¤ Public Relations
¤ Affiliate
¤ Email marketing
¤ Social

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Marketing Qualified Leads
¤ Define qualified vs list
¤ Suspects
¤ Prospects
¤ Qualified Prospects

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Sales Qualified Leads
¤ Hand off to Sales
¤ Identify steps to close
¤ Number of calls

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Time to Close
¤ Lead attribution
¤ Source time
¤ Compressing or Expanding
¤ Trend by source

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Tracking
¤ Data allows you to know where to double
down and where to hold back
¤ Conversion ratios

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Sales – capturing value creation

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How will they buy?
¤ Web Direct – place the order to buy on the web
¤ Direct – outbound sales, inside/outside
¤ Indirect/Channel – fulfills demand, doesn’t generate
¤ Retail – BestBuy, etc

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Sales Model Hypothesis
Known
Market
Unknown
Market
Low
Price
Point
High
Price
Point
Known
Search
Words
Unknown
Search
words
Web Direct ✔ ✔ ✔
Direct ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Indirect ✔ ✔ ✔
Retail

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Sales
¤ Model – Pick one, why?
¤ Strategy
¤ Who
¤ Tactics
¤ How
¤ Tools
¤ Sales tools

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Business Development

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Business Development
¤ Strategic relationships
¤ Who has the list you want
¤ How do you get the partnership

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Business Development
¤ Strategy
¤ Who should you get as a partner
¤ How will you build the relationship?
¤ What channels
¤ Tactics
¤ Messaging/Value proposition
¤ Tools
¤ CRM

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Go-to-market plan

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https://review.fi
rstround.com/

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Go-to-Market Plan
¤ Revenue Model
¤ Marketing
¤ Sales
¤ Business development plan
¤ Pricing

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Before the Program
¤ What are you priority tests?
¤ Do you need product final to do that test?

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Exercise - 30/60/90
¤ Write up your 30/60/90
¤ Marketing tests
¤ Channel spend hypothesis
¤ Lead source, cost
¤ Sales tests
¤ Initial Sales script
¤ Pricing
¤ High and low

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Pitch Reviews

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THANKS!