2. Overview of
Learning Objectives
Presentation
-Background & origins
Identify the three theories contained in
SCDNT.
-Metaparadigms
-Theories and concepts
Describe how the concepts interrelate.
-Relationships
-Model of SCDNT
Understand the SCDNT’s impact on
-Critique of SCDNT research, practice and administration.
-Applications
-Impact on FNP practice Discuss how to integrate SCDNT into
family nurse practitioner practice.
-Summary
3. Background of Dorothy Orem
Education and Experience Paradigmatic Origins
Born in Baltimore, MD (1914-2007)
Orem does not name a theory as the
basis of SCDNT
Diploma from Providence Hospital
in D.C. BSN & masters from
Catholic University Uses modern realism to describe
nursing as a practical science
Worked as staff nurse,
administrator, educator and theorist
Credits Harnet’s work on deliberate
action for impacting her
Published work on nursing theory
from 1971 until death in 2007 understanding of self-care
4. Metaparadigms of SCDNT
Human- A man/woman/child with free will and ability
to love and learn
Nursing- An art . A nurse provides care for one who
cannot provide that care for his/her self
Environment-Where the human exists
Health- Structural functionality, a state of well-being,
with the ability to communicate and reflect.
5. SCDNT Theories
SCDNT is comprised of three separate theories:
Self-care theory
Self-care deficit theory
Nursing systems theory
7. Concepts of Self-Care Concepts of Nursing
Deficit Systems
Acting/doing for Wholly compensatory
others
Guiding others Partially compensatory
Supporting others
Teaching another Supportive/
Providing an Educational
environment
promoting personal
development
8. Relationships
Self-care theory describes how a healthy person keeps
themselves healthy. A person does not need nursing
care if providing adequate self-care.
Self-care theory and self-care deficit are related when a
person does not provide adequate self care. Nursing
then assists a person with their needs.
The nursing systems theory describes how much
nursing care is given in response to the self-care
deficit.
9. People have a responsibility to provide self-
Assumptions of care and family member care (dependent-
SCDNT care)
All theories have Humans are individuals
basic beliefs that
must be accepted for
Nursing is an interaction between two or
a theory to be valid.
more individuals
Self-care is necessary for health
Potential health care problems must be
known
Self-care is taught, and learning is
influenced by culture
10. SCDNT Model
Theory of Nursing System
Wholly
Compensatory
• Patient needs
complete Theory of Self-Care Deficit
nursing
Nursing activities
Partially
Compensatory • Acting for
• Guiding
• Patient needs
• Supporting
Self-Care Theory Self-Care
some nursing Requisites
care • Educating
• Providing Therapeutic • Universal
Self-Care Self-Care
environment for Self Care • Developmental
Agency Practices
development Demand • Health
Supportive/ Deviation
Educative
• Patient needs
guidance
11. Merriner-Tomey Analysis
Simplicity- Concepts are well defined, and readily
applicable to practice
Generality- Can be generalized across many aspects of
nursing, but focuses on ill patients
Testable- Components of theory have been tested
successfully. Entire theory not yet tested
Derivable Consequences- SCDNT has lasting impact
on practice, and is the basis for nursing curricula at
university level.
12. Applications
Research- Used as the Administration- Used
source for testable to analyze nursing
hypothesis in research systems for resource
studies allocation.
Education- Used as Practice- Self-care
basis of curricula in deficits are a source of
nursing education nursing diagnosis
Impaired mobility
13. Family Nurse
Practitioner
Impact
Self-care agency
Self-care deficit in diagnosis
Nursing systems
14. Summary
Orem has educational background in DC.
Orem’s SCDNT comprised of three theories:
Self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing system.
The theory of nursing systems is dependent on the theory of
self-care (what the patient can do), self-care deficit (what
nursing can d0) to describe to what extent nursing is involved.
SCDNT impacts daily practice, research, administration, and
education.
A FNP uses SCDNT while deciding a treatment plan .
15. Questions
What three theories comprise SCDNT?
How do those three theories interrelate?
Give an example of how SCDNT is used in FNP
practice.
Describe how the SCDNT is related to research.
Why do you think SCDNT is used as a base for nursing
curriculum at many schools?
16. References
Banfield, B. (2011). Environment: A perspective of the self-care deficit nursing
theory. Nursing Science Quarterly 24(2), 96-100.
Banfield, B. (2008). Philosophic position on the nature of human beings
foundational to Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. Self-care, Dependent-
Care Nursing, 16(1), 33-40.
Denyes, M., Orem, D., Bekel, G. (2001). Self-care: A foundational science.
Nursing Science Quarterly 14(1), 48-54. doi: 10.1177/089431840101400113
Dorothy Orem’s self-care theory. (2011). Retrieved November 22, 2011, from
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html
Hohdorf, M. (2010). Self-care deficit nursing theory in Inglostadt- An
approach to practice development in nursing care. Self-Care, Dependent-Care
Nursing, 18(1), 19-25.
McEwen, M. & Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3rd ed).
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Orem, D., & Taylor, S. (2011). Reflections on nursing practice science: The
nature, the structure, and the foundation of nursing sciences. Nursing Science
Quarterly 24(1), 35-41. doi: 10.1177/0894318410389061
Ransom, J. (2008). Facilitating emerging nursing agency in undergraduate
nursing students. Self-Care, Dependent-Care Nursing, 16(2), 40-45.
Taylor, S. (2007). The development of self-care deficit nursing theory: An
historical analysis. Self-Care, Dependent-Care Nursing, 15(1), 22-25.
Notas do Editor
RelationshipsA person provides self-care through their ability or self-care agency. A person uses self-care requisitesor actions to provide the self-care. Actions are universal, developmental, or health-deviant. Therapeutic health care demandis the amount of work it takes for a patient to provide self care.