Basic outline of the formation of caves, arches and stacks for geography class.

1. By: Nana Kerse Ntim-Addae

2. How Caves are formed

For a cave to be formed there needs to
be a vulnerable point or weak spot on
the headland. These are easily eroded
so the waves attack is using various
processes like hydraulic pressure. This
weak spot is worn away until it is wide
and deep in the headland, a cave has
been made.

3. How Arches are formed

Arches are formed when caves that
have been formed are still being eroded
away by the waves. These waves
continue to widen and deepen the cave
until it breaks through the headland and
all that’s left is the top part of the cave,
forming an arch.

4. How Stacks are formed

Stacks are formed when arches that
have been left from cave continue to be
battered by waves. This leaves the arch
unsupported and the top part of what
was left of the cave falls down leaving a
tall pillar called a Stack.

5. Now Stumps are formed

Stumps are formed after stacks have
been exposed to the erosional
processes. After the arch drops all that’s
left is the stack and eventually, it is worn
away. This just leaves the base of the
stack now called a Stump.

6. Summary of how Caves,
arches, stacks and stumps are
formed.

7. Please Enjoy