Emergence of modernism in design.

1. Jennie Louise Blanchard Bethune
(1856-1913)
• Jennie Louise Blanchard
apprenticed to two architectural
firms in Buffalo NY, then opened
her own practice in 1881
• Designed civic buildings, schools,
power stations (Niagara Falls) and
homes
• 1888 First woman admitted into the
American Institute of Architects
• 1889 First woman fellow of the
American Institute of Architects

2. Chicago Tribune Tower Competition, 1922
1st Place: Howells and Hood
Based on Rouen Cathedral in
Normandy, France
• reflected the accepted model for
skyscraper design in America -the
Gothic cathedral
• Note the circle of buttresses
surrounding its crown
• lavishly detailed historical
design
• solid and well-proportioned

3. Chicago Tribune Tower Competition, 1922
2nd Place: Eliel Saarinen
•Howells and Hood’s design triumphed over
submissions of the most advanced European
modernists.
•European entries presented bold skyscraper
innovations.
•The mostly highly acclaimed design, a stepped-
back tower by Eliel Saarinen of Finland, won
second prize, and prompted Saarinen to move to
Chicago.

4. Walter Gropius and Adolph Meyer submitted a Bauhaus-style skyscraper….The
Europeans lost the competition but won the war. Their entries marked the official
transition to modern skyscraper design."
Adolf Loos’ entry Gropius and Meyer’s entry Bijvoet and Duiker’s entry

6. Cranbrook Academy of Art, 1925-41
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Eliel Saarinen (1873 - 1950)
A superb integration of
architectural and landscape design
elements, the Cranbrook complex
represents a unique masterpiece in
the history of American
architecture. It embodies the belief
that art should permeate every
aspect of life.
From "National Historic Landmarks in
Michigan".
Complex includes: Brookside School;
Christ Church, Cranbrook; Cranbrook
School for boys; Cranbrook Academy of
Art; Kingswood School for girls; and
Cranbrook Institute of Science

8. http://www.cranbrookart.edu/museum/virtual.html#

9. 1937 Paris World Exposition – German Pavilion (left) and Russian Pavilion

10. National Monument of Victor Emmanuel II, 1925
Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Sacconi (1885-1911)

11. Palazzo della Civita, 1930
Eur, Italy

12. The Viceroy’s House 1930, New Delhi, India
Sir Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944)

13. Lutyens Bench
End Chapter 15 Eclecticism

14. Chapter 16: The Emergence of Modernism
• The First Machine Age – planes,
trains, and automobiles
• Accelerating population growth
generates social concerns
• WWI and resulting Communism
and Fascism pose political
problems
• Stylistically, the traditions of the
past were no longer relevant to a
modern world – the end of
eclecticism
Pioneers of
Modernist Theory and Design
1. Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959
2. Walter Gropius 1881-1969
3. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1886-1969
4. Le Corbusier 1887-1965

15. 16-01 Winslow House, Exterior
Frank Lloyd Wright,
Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois,
1893.

16. Frank Lloyd Wright,
Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois,
1893.

17. Frank Lloyd Wright,
Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois,
1893.

18. Frank Lloyd Wright,
Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois,
1893.

19. Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

20. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

21. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

22. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

23. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

24. Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

25. Entry floor: Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

26. Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

27. Third floor: Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

28. Section: Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

29. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

30. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

31. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Oak Park, Illinois, 1908.

35. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, The Larkin Building, Buffalo, NY, 1904

36. Frank Lloyd Wright,
The Larkin Building,
Buffalo, NY, 1904

37. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright,
The Larkin Building,
Buffalo, NY, 1904

38. Frank Lloyd Wright, The Larkin Building, Buffalo, NY, 1904

39. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

40. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

41. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

42. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

43. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

44. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple
Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

45. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

46. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

47. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

48. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

49. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

50. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

51. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

52. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8

54. floor plans for the Dana-Thomas House, Springfield, Illinois - 1904

55. floor plans for the Westcott House in Springfield, OH - 1908

56. floor plans and interior design for the Coonley House in Riverside, IL

57. Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

58. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

59. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

61. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright,
Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

62. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

63. 16-02 Coonley House, Interior
Drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA, 1936

64. Frank Lloyd Wright
Fallingwater
Bear Run, PA, 1936