1. Writing as a Process

2. The main purpose of this work is
to identify and examine the
components, which are essential
to planning and executing the
steps in the writing process of
different patterns of essay.

3. The objectives of the work are:
 to give general information about writing as a complex




process;
to describe all the stages of writing an essay;
to define the most useful pre-writing techniques for
generating ideas;
to identify different types of essay and analyze them;
to carry out an experiment in “Alexandru cel Bun”
High School that deals with developing writing skills.

4. While elaborating this research investigation the
following research methods were used:
 Classification;
 Argumentation;
 Comparison;
 Association;
 Analysis;
 Synthesis;
 Description;
 Experimentation.

5.  INTRODUCTION
 THREE CHAPTERS
 CONCLUSIONS
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX

6. Chapter I
The basic tools and efficient strategies of the
writing process
The Writing Process
Pre-writing
Drafting
Revising
• The writer determines
the audience and the
purpose of his work;
• He explores his topic,
using various prewriting techniques.
• He produces the first
• He adds, deletes and
piece of writing;
• He uses sentences
and paragraphs to put
his ideas and thoughts
together.
rearranges sentences
to make sense;
• He edits grammar,
spelling and
punctuation problems
within the content.

7. Pre-writing techniques
 Brainstorming or
 Clustering or
listing;
branching;
 Freewriting;
 Asking questions;
 Keeping a journal;  Talking;
 Planning on a
 Note taking.
word processor;

8. Chapter II
Generating well-developed assignments of
specific types of writing essays
Different Types of Essays
Narrative Essay
It is used to write a story in a sequence of
events.
Expository Essay
It is used to investigate an idea and
explain how it works.
Descriptive Essay
It is used to describe the way that things
look, sound, feel, taste or smell.
Comparison-and-Contrast
Essay
It is used to show the differences or
similarities between two or more things.

9. The structure of the essay:
 Introductory paragraph
Introduces the thesis statement, which states the
main idea of the essay.
 Body paragraph
Provides supporting statements with examples for the
thesis.
 Concluding paragraph
Involves the summary of all details supporting the
thesis statement and restates the major points.

10. Chapter III
Experimental work dealing with the theoretical
patterns of composing an essay
45
The experimental group:
40
 The results of the pre-writing
questionnaire;
35
30
 The results of the post-writing
25
questionnaire;
20
15
10
5
0
2
3
4
5

11. The control group:
60
The results of the pre-
writing questionnaire;
50
The results of the post-
40
writing questionnaire;
30
20
10
0
2
3
4
5

12. CONCLUSION
To sum up, the writing process is learning how to write
working through several essential stages as
pre-writing, drafting and revising.
This process guides writers to organize their thoughts and
ideas, therefore, pre-writing is the most important stage
for exploring the subject and the writer’s own ideas .
It is important to mention, the pre-writing techniques
which were used during the experimental work contributed
to the development of the learners’ writing skills,
in addition, this work is a good opportunity for applying it
in high schools and colleges by teachers and students of
English.