Essay On Malnutrition

Malnutrition Informative Speech
Cassidy Burkholder
Informative Paper
English Comp. 1
Mr. Broadfoot 20th of November 2012
Malnutrition Around the World For most us Americans, knowing when we're going to eat next is
something we very rarely think of, and when we do think about being hungry we still know
where our food is coming from. Three big meals a day, and a few snacks in between, is how most
of us live. It's hard for us to imagine what its like for those who go days eating very little or nothing
at all. But unfortunately that's how it is for most of the world and surprisingly it happens in the
United Sates as well. There are many reasons malnutrition can happen, and it happens to every age
group. Even though there are many ways to treat it, in the...show more content...
The ten states who felt it the most were Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, South Carolina, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Utah, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Arizona. (Haerens 36) While there are malnourished
people in America, it is much worse all around the world, mostly in third world countries. There are
three predominate reasons why third world countries are hit hard with malnutrition, 1) poor families
aren't given government help, 2) difficulties with economy and 3) higher food prices. ("2012 World
Hunger...") As stated in the website "2012 World Hunger andPoverty Facts and Statistics," in the
world there are 925 million hungry people, most of them in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. These
people live on $1.25 or less a day. Minimum wage is $7.25 in the U.S., and most people work 8
hours a day, so that means they would be getting fifty–eight dollars a day. It would take someone in a
third world country about forty–seven days to make what someone makes in America in 8 hours.
And most of them spend that money on food and medical needs, but $1.25 is not enough. In the
United States if a family doesn't have enough money for medical help, they can still go see a
doctor, but in other countries it's very different. More than 30,000 children die per year from
preventable sickness because they can't go see a doctor. And as for food, Americans have access to
food every hour of the day. The wealthiest 5th of the world consumes 86% of all goods, as stated in
"Child Welfare League of
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What Is Malnutrition?
What is Desnutrition or Malnutrition?
Malnutrition is the disease caused by the insufficient supply of fuels
(carbohydrates – fats) and proteins, It means that a person's body is not getting enough nutrients.
This condition can result from eating an inadequate or poorly balanced diet, digestive disorders,
absorption problems or other medical conditions Malnutrition in its various forms is the most
common of diseases. Its causes are generally due to poor economic resources or diseases that
compromise good nutritional status. According to the international manual of classification of
diseases is a possible medical complication but that can be prevented and that has very important
impact on the result of the treatments.
Today, malnutrition is...show more content...
There are different methods for assessing nutritional status, such as questioning, subjective global
assessment, biochemical tests, body composition, immunological data, and prognostic indexes. Each
of them is described below:
Interrogation. An estimation is obtained about dietary habits, food intolerances, anorexia, vomiting,
diarrhea, sequelae of some surgical treatment, religious and cultural traditions that can influence the
nutrition of a patient. This method has as limitations the patient's age, the ability to remember
information, as well as the patient's state of consciousness. In addition to the possibility of sub or
over estimating the food ration, providing a significant calculation error in the nutritional
contribution.
Subjective global assessment. It is a clinical technique that quickly assesses nutritional status
according to the characteristics of the physical examination and examination. Here patients are
classified as normal, moderately malnourished and severely malnourished. This technique has not
been formally evaluated in the critical patient; it is lacking in quantification and therefore its
sensitivity is limited in assessing changes in nutritional status after or

Child Malnutrition
Introduction
Malnutrition is the cause of more than half of all child deaths worldwide. Malnourished children
have lowered resistance to infection; they are more likely to die from common childhood ailments
such as diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory infections. Although the share of children who are
malnourished has gradually been declining over the past 25 years, the actual number of
malnourished children is still rising in many underdeveloped and developing countries. For example,
in 1995,167 million children under the age of five years, nearly one–third of all children in
developing countries were either underweight or stunted. Malnutrition causes a great deal of physical
and emotional suffering and it is a violation of a child's...show more content...
With respect to status, a lower status of women relative to men restricts women's opportunities and
freedoms, thereby providing them with less interaction with others and less opportunity for
independent behavior. With a lack of social interaction, women will develop poor physical and
mental health, which will ultimately affect the quality of care she provides to her children after they
are born.
National Food Availability and Health Environment Quality
Food security is achieved when a person has access to enough food to lead an active and healthy
life; therefore it is thus a prime determinant of a child's nutritional status. In order to easily
understand and evaluate the concept of food security, we can examine a main determinant of food
security, a nation's food availability. Food availability is measured as per capita dietary energy
supply. As shown in Appendix A, it has been a very important factor in reducing child malnutrition
rates in the past, particularly from 1970–1995. It is important to note that the impact of food
availability highly depends on food supplies per person. For example, in countries with very low
food supplies, such as those in Sub–Saharan Africa and South Asia, national food availability is just
as important as improving women's education. On the other hand, in countries where food supplies
are relatively high, such as many

Malnutrition
Select a global health issue impacting the international health community. Briefly describe the global
health issue and its impact on the larger health care system (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states,
and health departments). How can health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address
global health concerns?
Malnutrition is a problem that is estimated to contribute to more than one third of death among
children (WHO, 2014). Under nutrition is a form of malnutrition; it occurs when nutritional reserves
are exhausted or nutritional intake is insufficient to satisfy daily needs or increased metabolic
demands (Jarvis, 2013, p. 175). Prolonged periods in this state can lead to stunted growth which is
associated with lower...show more content...
However within some of those countries, there still exist health disparities due to income levels and
people with lower earning power can have difficulty accessing healthcare services. Those people are
yet better off than the ones in poor nations with very limited resources that must rely on international
agencies and organizations such as the WHO and UNICEF among others, for some or most of their
healthcare (Maurer and Smith, 2013, pp 124–126).
The World Health Assembly expects efforts to achieve the "Health for All" goals of the WHO to be
collaboration between the country's leaders, health organizations, individual countryman,
communities and other countries (Maurer and Smith 2013, p. 115). There are many
intergovernmental organizations (The WHO, the Pan American Health Organization, the United
Nations Children's Fund, the World Bank, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention etc.) as
well as voluntary and philanthropic organizations (Catholic Relief Services, American Friends
Service Committee, Doctors without borders, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, etc.) that
focus on the health of populations around the world, providing expertise, technical support, funding
for economic and infrastructure development and for healthcare services (Maurer and Smith, 2013,
pp116–118). As for other countries education in how to raise your own crops can be beneficial. Food
and financial aid is currently supplied but perhaps that could be increased, with the introduction

Essay on Malnutrition
Introduction
Malnutrition is a global challenge in low–income and middle–income countries particularly in
sub–Saharan Africa and south Asia (Shetty, 2002, Black, et al., 2008). More than ten million
children under five years of age die annually worldwide and percentage of child deaths in
sub–Saharan Africa is approximately 41% and another 34% in south Asia (Black, et al., 2003). It was
estimated that more than 50% of these child deaths could be attributed to the potentiating effects of
malnutrition in infectious disease such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, tuberculosis, and other
infections (Rice, et al., 2000, Caulfield, et al., 2004).
As a result of essential nutrient deficiencies in the daily diet as well as the impact of...show more
content...
Nutritional deficiencies with its two constituents of macronutrient deficiencies leading to protein
energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies particularly in vitamin A, iron, iodine and zinc
deficiencies are the main manifestations of malnutrition in undernourished societies (Muller &
Krawinkel, 2005). The mechanisms of protein energy malnutrition include decreased nutrient intake
and absorption, direct nutrient losses and increased metabolic requirements (Manary & Solomons,
2004). Globally, FAO (2004) estimated that 852 million of people are undernourished and most of
them were living in developing countries. Protein energy malnutrition in children is based on
underweight, stunting and wasting and the clinical syndromes of severe malnutrition are marasmus
and kwashiorkor (Muller & Krawinkel, 2005, Manary & Solomons, 2004).
Micronutrient deficiencies affect a significant part and at least 2 billion people all over the world
(FAO, 2004). Among young children vitamin A deficiencies (VAD) is a third suffer nutritional
disease and continues to be one of the major public health

Essay On Malnutrition
Available published data regarding the performance of the two aforementioned screening tools show
that NRS2002 was found to be better in predicting clinical outcome in hospitalized patients
compared to MUST [20] and the performance of the tools was increased when it was combined with
Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), a more complex tool that includes data from nutritional
assessment [21].
In another study by Velasco et al., acomparison of four tools, namely NRS2002, SGA, MUST and
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), was performed using SGA as the gold standard, in an era that
diagnostic criteria for malnutrition did not exist [22]. In particular, NRS2002 was originally
designed to screen patients who would benefit from receiving...show more content...
MUST is an easy–to–use tool with more straight forward, objective questions [14].
1.2.22. Immunosenescence:–
Aging affects both innate and adaptive immunity, although innate immune mechanisms are better
preserved overall.1As a result of thymic involution, the number of T cells exiting the thymus
progressively decreases with age.2
1.2.23. Effect of malnutrition:–
Malnutrition is very common in older adults and is associated with increased morbidity and
mortality.6 In a Swedish study, malnutrition was present in 60% to 80% of patients aged older than
60 years admitted to the hospital.7
Malnutrition should not be considered a normal part of the aging process, but many of the expected
changes seen in older adults are known to increase their risk for global malnutrition (reduced intake
or increased demand for nutrients), the most common type of malnutrition in this age group.8
Deficiencies of vitamins A and E, vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folate, vitamin B6, vitamin D, as well
as zinc, selenium, magnesium, and copper, have been noted in older adults, although the precise
effects of these deficiencies on immune function are not well defined.9–11
1.2.24. Vaccine boosters also can be effective:–
The inactivated vaccines, postimmunization titers were significantly higher in patients with higher
preimmunization titers, indicating that routine booster programs for these vaccines could help achieve

Essay On Malnutrition

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Essay On Malnutrition