1. December 07, 2011
Taxonomy

2. December 07, 2011
Taxonomy:
The classifying and organizing of all living
things.
All discovered organisms, including those that
are extinct have a classification.
At least 1.7 million species of living
organisms have been discovered and
identified, and the list grows longer every
year (especially of insects in the tropical rain
forest).

3. December 07, 2011
Carl von Linnaeus: "The Father of Modern Taxonomy"
Our system of classification is based on his idea. He was the
first to classify organisms into groups. He called his groups
"taxa."
Loved nature. He had a fascination with plants and their
names
Trained in botany as part of his medical
school training
Started by organizing plants based on characteristics.
His students collected specimans for him from
all over the world
1735: he published Systema Naturae, The
Classification of Living Things, the very first
book of its kind

4. December 07, 2011
Hierarchical Ordering System
A system that goes from large general
grouping to small specific groupings
Glencoe Schools
South West Central
K 1 2 3 5/6 7/8
4

5. December 07, 2011
5 Characteristics of Living Things
Respond
Organized
Metabolize
Reproduce Evolve
`

6. December 07, 2011
Organized:
All living things are made of at least one cell

7. December 07, 2011
Reproduce:
All living things can make more living things of the same
kind.

8. December 07, 2011
Respond:
All living things can react to changes in their
environment

9. December 07, 2011
Metabolize:
All living things take in chemicals from their
environment, use those chemicals for energy and
for growth

10. December 07, 2011
Evolve:
All living things can change over time in order to adapt to changes in the
environment and increase chances of survival.

11. December 07, 2011
What scientists look for when classifying:
Physical Characteristics
* Structure of its anatomy
* Development as an embryo
Genetics
* DNA
* Specific protiens

12. December 07, 2011
Binomial Nomenclature:
The system of writing a scientific name as the genus and species of an
organism.
Every discovered organism is given a specific "BI NOM"
No two species EVER have the same Genus and species

13. December 07, 2011
Rules for writing BI NOMS
The Genus is always capitalized
The species is always lower case
If it is hand-written, it is underlined, if it is typed it is in
italics
Both names need to be latin words, or "latinized"
The names are based on
Characteristics of the organism
Where it was discovered
Who discovered it.

14. December 07, 2011
Classification Levels:
Kingdom
Phylum Phylum Phylum
Class Class Class Class Class Class
Order Order Order Order Order
Family Family
Genus Genus
species

15. December 07, 2011
Taxonomy of Humans
Kingdom: Animalia

16. December 07, 2011
Phylum: Chordata

17. December 07, 2011
Class: Mammalia

18. December 07, 2011
Order: Primata

19. December 07, 2011
Family: Homonidae

20. December 07, 2011
Hey! I'm all alone!
I'm the only member of my Genus left!
Genus: Homo
There were others, but they all died out
species: sapien

21. December 07, 2011
Everything Starts with the Cell
There are two "super kingdoms" based on the type of cell
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Does not have genetic material Does have genetic material
bound in a nucleus bound in a nucleus
More complex cell with many parts
Simpler, more "primative" type of cell

22. December 07, 2011
The Six Kingdoms

23. December 07, 2011
Archaebacteria
AKA “archaens”
Means “ancient bacteria”
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Live in extreme environments: water with high salt
concentration, high and low temps
Chemosynthesis: convert chemicals into energy
A few species can move (flagella- a long whip like tail)
Reproduce asexually
Found in hot springs and volcanic vents
Only 206 known species

24. December 07, 2011
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Some are capable of photosynthesis but most
are decomposers
Some are capable of moving independently (flagella)
Reproduce asexually
Examples: bacteria, and blue-green algae

25. December 07, 2011
Protista
Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
Most unicellular, some colonial
Some are capable of photosynthesis, some are consumers,
some decomposers
Certain groups capable of movement
using small hairs (cilia), flagella or "pseudopods"
Reproduce asexually
These organisms need a moist environment
Examples: amoebas and paramecium

26. December 07, 2011
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Cells have cell walls made of chitin (pronounced "kite en")
(same substance that makes up the exoskeleton of insects)
Mostly multicellular (a few are unicellular)
Not capable of photosynthesis (all decomposers)
Reproduce asexually (binary fission, budding, spores)
Not capable of independent movement
Digest food outside organism from dead, decaying matter
EX: mold, yeast, mushrooms

27. December 07, 2011
Plantae
Eukaryotic
Cells have cell walls made of cellulose
Multicellular
Have tissues and organs
Capable of photosynthesis
Depending on species, can produce asexually or
sexually, or both
Not capable of independent movement
EX: mosses, flowering plants

28. December 07, 2011
Animalia
Eukaryotic and No cell walls
Multicellular
Many have tissues, organs and systems
All are consumers
Depending on species, can reproduce asexually or
sexually
Most are capable of independent movement with a few
exceptions
Examples: sponges, birds, mammals, insects

29. December 07, 2011
Kingdom: Animalia (animals)
Phylum: Chordata (spinal cord)
Class: Mammalia (mammals)
Order:
Family:

30. December 07, 2011