Emergence of Avant-Garde and Beaux Arts

Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois
Avant-Garde and Beaux Arts
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 1

Avant- Garde and Beaux Arts:
• Avant-garde architects were against Revivalism;
• They considered that the past should be synthesized in a different modern
way.
• They were against history repetition like the Palladianism style, which was
repeating classical styles.
One of these Futurist styles is the Beaux-Arts.
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
Avant- Garde and Beaux Arts

Avant-Garde started to introduce modern architects like;
Who understood and analyzed the past and did not copy it.
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Guadi. Monderian. Picasso.

• Avant-garde architecture is architecture which is
innovative and radical.
• There have been a variety of architects and movements whose work has been
characterised in this way, especially Modernism. Other examples include
Constructivism, De Stijl and Expressionism.
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Beaux-Arts:
• Is an architectural school that depend on Avant-Garde principles that is rejecting
the copying of the past. Like that of Jean Nache revivalism of Neoclassical
architecture. It is considered limited by classical styles.
• Beaux-Arts was preaching Neo-Classicism Axiality, and benefited form Opera
Houses. They worked on its ideas, like Charles Garnier Opera House, which
was the beginning.
• In addition, the World Expositions were very important. It was rejected by the
Avant-Garde because it repeats Neo-Classicism though it is the optimum of
Beaux-Arts.
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• Beaux-Arts (dominates 1890s – 1930s):
• Combines elements from different Renaissance buildings.
• Monumental design is more important than details.
• Form controls function.
• Maintains classical ideals including proportionality and symmetry.

Beaux-Arts:
The main purpose of the Ecole des beaux arts, a.k.a academic des beaux arts was
the training of the young architect generation trough an understanding of
architectural history and to be able to design such way of great architect’s style
and architecture of the past.
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École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

Characteristics of Beaux-Arts:
1. It has a Symmetrical form to the
exterior design of the buildings that
have the beaux design.
2. Beaux has a splendor form to the
way the curves and arches are
made.
3. It has a lot of elaborate
ornamentation with its sculptures,
mosaic, and other artwork.
4. It has arched windows with arched
doors mixed in with its slender look.
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Beaux-Arts ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE:
• Beaux art is the study and creation of visual works of art.
• Massive and Grandiose.
• Constructed with stone.
• Classical architectural details: Balustrades, pilasters, garlands,,.
• Painting.
• Sculpture.
• Texture.
• Classical, classic.
• Reproduce.
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Beaux-Arts Common elements:
• Symmetrical façade.
• Flat or low pitched roof.
• Sculptural element.
• Masonry exterior (usually stone).
• Prominent columns (often paired).
• Balustrades (often a long roofline).
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Beaux-Arts Materials:
• Light coloured stones
• Bricks
• Limestone
• Granite
• marble
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Beaux-Arts Materials:
• Beaux Arts Architecture is generally composed of the base characteristics of the
Classical (Roman and Greek) forms and Neoclassical Architecture.
• Beaux Arts Architecture also called American Renaissance has many buildings in
the US, which were introduced by the American architects who studied in France.
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Beaux-Arts:
The Opera House, Paris
• In 1858, the Emperor Napoleon III of France
gave an order that a new building dedicated to
the art of Opera would be built in Paris.
• Charles Garnier, a relatively unknown young
man, was chosen among 700 architects
competing to create the new theatre.
• He was a 35 year old unknown architect.
• Construction began in 1862 and completed in
1875.
• The Opera House has 17 floors, 80 dressing
rooms and a total of 2,500 doors.
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• Beaux-Arts classicism in the grand manner that was rejected in the early 20th century
by the Avant-Garde
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1862

• The Opera House, Paris
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• Externally as well as internally the stylistic elements derive from Renaissance and
from Baroque.
• The façade is massive and heavily decorated and gilded, and really monumental.

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Influence abroad
The building became one of the most inspirational architectural prototypes for the next
thirty years. Several buildings in Poland were based on the design of the Palais
Garnier, and include:
1. The Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków, built during 1893,
2. The Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet in Lviv, built between 1897 and 1900.
3. The Warsaw Philharmony edifice in Warsaw, built between 1900 and 1901.
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Influence abroad
4. In Ukrainia, the influence of the Palais Garnier can be seen at the National Opera
House of Ukraine edifice in Kiev, built during 1901.
5. The Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. is
modelled after Palais Garnier, most notably the facade and Great Hall.
6. The Theatre Municipal do Rio de Janeiro (1909) was also modeled after Palais
Garnier, particularly and Great Hall and stairs.
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Influence abroad
7. The Amazon Theatre in Manaus (Brazil) built from 1884 to 1896. The overview is
very similar, though the decoration is more simple.
8. The Hanoi Opera House in Vietnam is considered to be a typical French colonial
architectural monument in Vietnam and is also a small-scale replica of the Palais
Garnier. The Saigon Opera House is a smaller counterpart
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The Hanoi Opera House
in Vietnam

Thank you 
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Emergence of Avant-Garde and Beaux Arts

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