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Semelhante a Sectionalism Two Ways Of Life V2
Semelhante a Sectionalism Two Ways Of Life V2 (20)
Sectionalism Two Ways Of Life V2
- 3. Factory System Replaces Domestic System Slater’s Mill Lowell girl at a weaving loom. One of the Lowell Mills
- 4. A Strict Schedule Girls, used to a relaxed schedule on the farm, found the rigid schedule difficult. Compare to a typical schedule in factories today. Why was the schedule so strict?
- 6. Why did relatively few immigrant live in the South?
- 8. Cotton Exports Cotton became king where it could be grown in the deep south. Southern wealth and status was tied up in land and slaves. Was this a money making operation? How did the South try to use this fact diplomatically?
- 9. Slaves concentrated in the deep south where cultivation of cotton increasing with the movement west
- 11. South Remained mostly rural and was divided loosely into the upper and lower regions. The Interstate trade in slaves shifted slaves from the upper to the lower region where expanding the cotton culture increased the demand for slaves. Natchez, MS was the wealthiest area in the USA in 1850
- 12. Cruelty to slaves such as scars on this slave’s back served as propaganda to spread anti-slavery sentiment. Relatively rare because it was not in the planter’s economic interest to damage his property, the dehumanizing life of the slave, without control over ordinary affairs, was worse. Despite hardships, slaves established a unique culture of their own. The South’s Peculiar Institution
- 15. How did the economic changes in technology and geographic differences contribute to the development of sectionalism? Was Civil War inevitable?
Notas do Editor
- First successful mill--Slater Mill Samuel Slater had served a 7 year mill apprenticeship in England. Came to the United States to make his fortune and made a partnership with a hardware merchant-- Moses Brown --in Pawtucket, RI Slater put up his expertise and his partners put up the money, and Slater got half ownership set up in an old fulling mill in 1790, then build a new mill in 1793. 100 spindles, spinning only, Arkwright water frames , little innovation. Metal parts made by local blacksmiths, relying on Slater's knowledge of critical dimensions, gearing, settings, surfaces. At first used almost entirely child labor --hired 7 boys and 2 girls between the ages of 7 and 12 in 1790. By 1800 he had more than 100 employees, and he relied on recruiting families and providing housing for them around the mill (fathers often worked as hand loom weavers, not in the mill). Slater owned or had an interest in 13 textile mills, and left an estate of $690,000 when he died in 1835. By 1810 there were 54 mills in Massachusetts, 26 in Rhode Island, 14 in Connecticut--all small mills without integration . The Lowell labor system: land was cheap in the United States and people wanted to own their own farms, not work in mills. Where to find a workforce for a large mill? hire young women from the countriside to work for a few years before they get married. Women lived in heavily supervised dormitories , were required to attend church, followed many factory rules , and made good wages for women at the time. The women averaged $3.60 a week in 1836, at which point they were paying $1.50 a week for room and board. This compared favorably to $1 a week for domestic work. until the mid 1840s the work was not stressful, although they worked 73 hours hours a week (a 12 to 14 hour day, six days a week, 309 days a year, with only three holidays). British immigrants made up about half the managers and machine-makers before 1830.
- Lowell changes: Lowell population 1820--200 1830--6,000 1850--33,000 The Boston Manufacturing company returned an average annual dividend of 19% from 1816 to 1826. Even in the more competative 1850s the Merrimack Company (which operated some of the Lowell mills) averaged 12% annual return for most of the decade. Competition began to result in a worse deal for the workers as early as the 1830s--in 1836 there was a strike in reaction to a cut in wages of $1 a week. Speed-up made the work damaging to health immigrant workers began to be hired in the 1840s: immigrant workers in mills: 1845--8%, 1850--33%, 1860--60% (of those 47% were Irish--potato famine started in 1845).