1. Polymerase Chain Reaction
By: Colette Audax

2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used
to make millions of copies of DNA very quickly.
• These are PCR machines that heat, cool, and
copy the DNA strands.

3. The first step of PCR is Denaturing.
• During this step, the DNA is heated to 94
degrees Celsius and is ripped apart.

4. The second step of PCR is Annealing.
• The DNA is cooled to 54 degrees Celsius and
the primers pair up and are ready to copy.

5. The third and final step is Elongation
• The DNA is heated back up to 72 degrees Celsius. The
DNA attaches to the primers and forms a double strand
of DNA. The PCR process is repeated 30 or 40 times.

6. PCR is used in cloning, genetic engineering, and
DNA sequencing.

7. PCR is also used in DNA fingerprinting, paternity
testing and with the FBI for criminal records.

8. PCR is even used in
paleontology, anthropology, and evolutionary
biology.

9. PCR will continue to be used in the future because it
is quick and efficient even if it can only be used to
copy small amounts at a time. PCR can help catch
crafty criminals and denounce deadly diseases.
Polymerase Chain Reaction will benefit everyone in
the future.