8. When interpretingcommunication as social, it involves two people, whoact as senders and receivers. Communication is a process means that it isongoing and unending.The process nature of communication also means that much canhappenfrom the beginning of a conversation to the end.
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11. Environment is the situation or context in which communication occurs. Theenvironment includes a number ofelements, including time, place, historicalperiod, relationship, and a speaker’s and listener’s cultural backgrounds.
16. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) described communication as a linear process. They were concerned with radio and telephone technology and wanted todevelop a model that could explain how information passed through various channels. Examples: a letter, email, text message, lecture.
17. Bell's drawing of the workings of a telephone, from his original sketches
20. Wilbur Schramm (1954) conceptualized the interactional modelof communication, which emphasizes the two-waycommunication process betweencommunicators. In other words, communication goes intwo directions: from sender to receiver and from receiver to sender. Examples: instant messaging or a question/answer session
23. Dean Barnlund (1970) :The transactional model of communicationunderscores the simultaneous sending andreceiving of messages in a communication episode. Communication is transactional means that the process is cooperative; the sender and thereceiver are mutually responsible for the effect and the effectiveness of communication. Examples: talking/listening to friends
26. Understanding communicationtheory cultivatescriticalthinkingskills Understanding communicationtheoryhelpsyouto recognize the breadth and depth of research Understanding communicationtheoryhelps to makesense of personallifeexperiences Communication theory fosters self-awareness
