I Got this from our training seminar conducted by Manila Traffic and Parking Bureau First Responder Unit.

2. Prepared by: Victor James Dano, EMT-B, NCII-EMS, FF

3. Definition of FIRST – AID
• Is an immediate care rendered to
help an acutely ill and / or injured
person before the arrival of the
Doctor or arrival to the medical
facility.
• Serves as a bridge between the
victim and the doctor / or medical
facility for survival

4. Goals of FIRST – AID
 Keep the victim alive
 Prevent the victim’s condition from getting
worse
 Help promote recovery from the injury or illness
 Ensure the victim receives medical care
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

5. Suggested BASIC FIRST – AID kit contents
1. 1 Bottle Rubbing Alcohol
2. 1 Bottle Beta dine
(Providone, Iodine)
3. Cottons Balls
4. 20 Gauze Pads
5. 3 Tongue Depressor
6. 1 Pen Light
7. 10 Band Aid
8. 5 Medical Latex Gloves
9. 1 Pair Scissors
10. 3 Bandage (Roll)
11. 5 Elastic Roller Bandage
12. 2 Plastic Micropore Tapes
13. 4 Triangular Bandage

6. Take Action in an Emergency
 Six ( 6 ) Basic Steps In Any Emergency:
1. Recognize the emergency and Check the
scene.
2. Decide to help.
3. Check the Victim.
4. Call Emergency Hotlines or Calling E.M.S.
- Ex. Emergency 117
5. Give First Aid.
6. Seek Medical Attention.

7. Recognize the emergency.
 You must know there is an emergency
when you see one.
 You see an injured or ill victim, or
someone.
 You may not see a victim first but see
signs that an emergency has occurred
and that someone may be hurt.

8.  and Check the scene.
 Always check the scene when you recognize an
emergency has occurred – before rushing in to help
a victim.
 You must be safe yourself if you are to help
another.
 Look for any Hazards such as the following:
 Smoke, flames
 Spilled chemicals, fumes
 Downed electrical wires
 Risk of explosion, building collapse
 Roadside dangers, high-speed traffic
 Potential personal violence

9. Also as part of Checking The
Scene, we must:
 Look to see if there are other victims. More help
may be needed for multiple victims.
 Look for any clues that may help you determine
what happened and what first aid may be needed.
 Look for bystanders who may be able to help
give first aid or go to a telephone to call E.M.S. or
any Emergency Hotlines (Emergency 117)

10. If the scene is dangerous,
STAY AWAY and CALL FOR HELP.
Do not become a victim yourself!
ALERT!!! BEFORE YOU HELP SOMEONE…

11. Check Victim for:
• Bleeding (Lacerations, Bruises,
Contusion, Punctures)
• Fractures, Deformities)
• Responsiveness - Conscious or
Unconscious
IF YOU DECIDED TO HELP

12. Physical Exam
 Check head to
toe for D-O-T-S
Deformity
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling

13. PLEASE BE
REMINDED!DON’T LET ANYONE MOVE THE VICTIM FROM
THE POSITION YOU’VE SEEN HIM/HER, LET
THE VICTIM STAY IN POSITION or STABILIZE
THE VICTIM. SPECIALLY FOR VEHICULAR
ACCIDENTS, AND FALL.

14.  ACTIVE E.M.S. ?
Be ready to give the following information:
• Your name and the phone number you are using.
• The location and number of victims --- specific
enough for the arriving crew to find them.
• What happened to the victims and any special
circumstances or conditions that may require
special rescue or medical equipment.
• The victim’s condition: for example, Is the victim
responsive? Breathing? Bleeding?
• The victim’s approximate age and sex.
• What is being done for the victim(s)

15. CHECK FOR INJURY or
BLEEDING
 If Fracture is present, STABILIZE
fractured part using improvised splints
and Triangular bandage.
 If Bleeding is present, control it first by
putting pressure on the wound and
elevating the part or put pressure on
pressure point near the wounded area.

16. Wound Care

17. Bandaging
 A bandage is a piece of material used
either to support a medical device such as
a dressing or splint, or on its own to
provide support to the body;
 Bandages are available in a wide range of
types, from generic cloth strips, to
specialized shaped bandages designed for
a specific limb or part of the body, although
bandages can often be improvised as the
situation demands, using clothing, blankets
or other material.

18.  Triangular
Bandage
 Parts:
1. Point / Tip /
Apex
2. Side/s
3. Base
4. End Tips
Bandaging

19.  Use proper Body
Substance Isolation (BSI)
/ gloves.
 Treament Priority ABC –
Control Bleeding.
 Apply dry, sterile dressing
over entire wound.
 Maintain pressure and
secure dressing with a
roller bandage.
Emergency Care / First Aid Bleeding
Wounds

20. Pressure Points in Bleeding

21. Important Arteries in
controlling bleeding:
1. Temporal
2. Facial
3. Carotid
4. Subsclavian
5. Brachial
6. Radial
7. Ulnar
8. Femoral
9. Popletial
10.Dorsalis Pedis

22.  Bandaging of Impaled Objects
DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

23.  Bandaging of Impaled Objects
DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting
Make a DOUGHNUT ROLL and place the object inside the circle and
immobilize the object.
Stabilized the object by Bandaging Tape, if available you can place a
cover over the object to prevent from moving.

24.  DIRECT PRESSURE
 ELEVATE
 PRESSURE POINT
Emergency Care / First Aid
THINGS TO REMEMBER: BLEEDING

25. Disease Tranmission (1 of 2)
 Rescuers should understand the risk.
 Precautions can help protect against
bloodborne and airborne diseases.
 Bloodborne: Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS
 Airborne: Tuberculosis

26. Disease Tranmission (2 of 2)
 Protection
 Hepatits B vaccine
 Universal precautions and Body
Substance Isolation (BSI)
○ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Medical exam gloves
- Protective eyewear
- Mask
- Mouth to Barrier devices

27. Fractures
 A break in bone or cartilage. Although
usually a result of trauma.
 Open Fracture – Blood is present, a bone
raptures the flesh.
 Close Fracture – Skin is intact, deformity is
present on the fractured area.

28.  Splint – a hard, rigid, flat material
that can be use to place under or
over the fractured area.
 E.g. Flat wood, Bamboo, Cardboard,
Plastic.
Splinting of Fractures

29.  Splinting Fractured Foreman, Wrist and
Hand
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

30.  Splinting Fractured Leg
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

31.  Sprained Ankle
 Remember
R.I.C.E.
 Rest
 Ice
 Compress
 Elevate
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

32. CPR - Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation

33. Heart Attack & Cardiac
Arrest
 A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue
dies.
 Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.
 Cardiac arrest in adults is usually sudden, and the
primary cause is cardiac related. Therefore
circulation produced by chest compressions is
crucial
 Cardiac arrest in children is mostly asphyxial which
requires both compressions and ventilations.
 Rescue breathing may be more important for
children than adults in cardiac arrest.

34. Performing CPR
 Check for responsiveness
 And/or No normal breathing

35. Check for Responsiveness
Tap the victim’s shoulder and
ask if he or she is all right.
Listen for normal breath sounds.
Check circulation. If the victim is
not responsive or with no
normal breath sounds have a
bystander call 1-1-7.

37. Chest Compressions (1 of 2)
 Two hands for adults
 One or two hands for children
 Two fingers for an infant
 Compression depth
 Adult: 2 inches
 Child : 1/3 depth of the chest/ 2 inches
 Infant: 1/3 depth of the chest/ 1.5
inches
 Allow chest recoil

38. Chest Compressions (2 of 2)
 Adult and child: center of chest between
nipples
 Infants: just below nipple line
 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
 Check Airway and Breathing after 2mins.

39. Rescue Breaths
 Give two normal breaths.
 Methods
 Mouth-to-barrier
 Mouth-to-nose
 Mouth-to-stoma

40. (Compression Only) CPR
 Give (Compression only) CPR at a rate of at
least 100/min., if untrained and not proficient in
providing CPR.
 “Push Hard and Push Fast”
 Not recommended for Asphyxial arrest
Asphyxial – insufficient oxygen intake

41. Continue CPR and When to
Stop:
 Victim Show signs of life
 EMS takes over or arrived at the scene
 You are too tired to continue
 Obvious signs of death
 Decapitation, Rigor Mortis, Lividity

42. When Victim Shows Signs of
Life
 Put the victim in recovery position.

43. Moving Victims
 Only move victim if there is immediate danger.
 Fire
 Hazardous materials
 Impossible to protect from hazards
 Impossible to access other victims who need
lifesaving care
 Protect victim’s spine.
 Drag in direction of the long axis of the body

44. Emergency Drags (1 of 2)
 Clothes Drag
 Blanket Drag

45. Emergency Drags (2 of 2)
Arm-to-Arm Drag
Arm Drag

46. One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (1 of 3)
Front cradle Fire fighter’s drag

47. One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (2 of 3)
walking assist Fire fighter’s carry

48. One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (3 of 3)
Pack strap

49. Emergency Moves
 Two-person or three-person moves
 Two-person assist
 Two-handed seat carry
 Four-handed seat carry
 Extremity carry
 Chair carry
 Hammock carry

50. Non-urgent Moves (1 of 2)
 Direct
ground
lift

51. Non-urgent Moves (2 of 2)
 Extremity
lift

52. Triage
 Classify into care and transportation
priorities
 Triage categories / Color Coding
 Immediate care - RED
 Delayed care - YELLOW
 Walking wounded - GREEN
 Dead - BLACK

53. END
Thank You!
Victor James Dano
EMT-B, EMS NCII, Firefighter

54. Basic First Aid
Awareness
ERAP HOTLINE:
(02) 911-ERAP (3727)
First Responder Unit:
(02) 871-5811
(Fire and Medical Emergencies)
Patrol 117 Dial: 117

55. Basic First Aid
Awareness