Chapter 20 Lecture Notes

1. Things Everyone and their Mother
Should Know
Chapter 20

2. Tsar Nicholas II of
Russia
Supports Serbia,
threatens Austria with
war
Emperor
Franz-Josef
of Austria Ultimatum
Hungary Serbia
Supports Russia, threatens war with
Germany
Gives Austria-
Hungary “blank
Gives Austria
check” -100%
100 % support Threatens France
support & Russia
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany France

3. • World War I lasted from
1914-1918.
• It was supposed to be “a war to
end all wars.”

4. Primary Source: Views of the War
The beginning… The reality of war…
 “The entire campaign a resounding  “The wall of the trench is plastered
march of victory- “We’ll be home at with smoking splinters, lumps of
Christmas,” the recruits shouted flesh, and bits of uniform. . . The
first recruit seems actually to have
laughingly to their mothers in
gone insane. ”
August of 1914 . . .”
- Erich Remarque, All Quiet on the
- Stefan Zweig, The World of Western Front
Yesterday

5. France = Loner
• Bismark made an alliance system
that isolated France from all
other European powers.
• He wanted France to be a loner…
• People are still upset about what
Napolean did

6. In the beginning, there were two sides:
Original
Original Allies
Central Powers
France Germany
Austria-
Serbia
Hungary
Russia

7. • Austria-Hungary + Germany =
B.F.F.
• The 2 other countries that were
fre-nemies with A + G were:
• Russia (3 Emperor’s League)
• Italy (Triple Alliance)

8. 3 Emperor’s League
Triple Alliance

9. Austria-Hungary
• Franz Ferdinand was heir to the
throne
• He & his pregnant wife got shot
by a Serbian Terrorist
• (Part of Black Hand Group)

10. Great Britain
• Joined Allies
when Germany
invades neutral
Belgium
• This broke all
rules of war &
showed
Germany’s bully
side

11. Great Britain
• Owned passenger liner Lusitania
• Got sunk by a German u-boat

12. Germany
Used zeppelins and submarine
warfare effectively during the war
mainly against Gr. Britain

14. United States
• Joined WWI after
uncovering Germany’s
plan to have Mexico
fight the Central
Powers
• They were not as
isolated as they
thought

15. United States
• Troops helped turn the tide of the
war against Central Powers
• Became a world power as a result
of WWI

16. WWI
Propaganda

17. Paris Peace Conference
• US
• France had dominant leaders
• Britain at Paris Conference
• Italy
• Reparations = Payments for war
damages
• Germany had to pay $37 billion

18. Stalemate
• Both sides are at a standstill
• Most trench warfare in WWI
ended up in this situation

19. Whatever happened to Russia?
• Enters WWI with largest army in the world
• Terribly unprepared for long war
• Military defeats, fatalities and economic
devastation made Russia pull out of war.
• Corrupt and inefficient government at
home lead to:
• 2 Revolutions and Communists take over
• Vladimir Lenin

20. Leagues of Nations
• Irony:
• It was the United States
President’s creation, BUT the
United States was NEVER part of
it!

21. Primary Source: Peace Making Reality

22. A 25 year old Adolf Hitler cheers the start of war in 1914