Front & Hind Limb Radiology
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Front & Hind Limb Radiology
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Front & Hind Limb Radiology
- 1. EQUINE MEDICINE Large Animal Radiology: Digital X-Ray Front & Hind Limb
- 3. RADIOGRAPH PRINCIPALS Portable machine most commonly used FFD 20-30 cm (aka source-image distance (SID)) Cassette Marker-Cranial or lateral to limb Animal Positioning: Feet square Weight evenly distributed
- 4. Radiographic Aids Wooden Block: Allows cassette to extend below hoof Cassette Tunnel: Allows animal to stand on cassette Navicular Box: Supports foot for easier navicular films Cassette Holder: Tunnel with long handle Allows holder to be away from animal & primary beam
- 6. Hoof Preparation Requires additional preparation Hoof should be cleaned of debris Trim sole & frog Remove shoe for some views Pack sulci of frog & sole to eliminate artifacts
- 7. Hoof Minimum of 5 standard views Lateromedial View Patient Placement: Weight bearing on block Cassette Placement: Medial aspect of limb On ground, perpendicular to ground Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered at coronary band
- 8. Hoof Dorsopalmar/Dorsoplantar View Patient Position: Weight bearing on block Cassette Placement: On ground, along palmar/plantar aspect on limb Perpendicular to ground Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered at coronary band
- 9. Hoof Dorsopalmar/Dorsoplantar Distal Phalanx View Patient Position: Weight bearing on cassette tunnel Cassette Placement: Parallel to ground, in cassette tunnel Beam Center: Proximodistal at 60º angle Centered just distal to coronary band 60º Navicular Box Patient Placement: Affected limb flexed, toe in stand Cassette Placement: In stand, under foot Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered at coronary band
- 10. Hoof Dorsopalmar/Dorsoplantar Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing on cassette tunnel Cassette Placement: Parallel to ground, in cassette tunnel Beam Center: Proximodistal at 65º angle Centered at middle of P2 Dorsoproximal-Palmarodistal Oblique Patient Placement: Affected limb flexed, toe in stand Cassette Placement: In stand, under foot Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered at coronary band 65º
- 11. Hoof Palmaroproximal-Dorsodistal Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing on cassette, extended caudally Cassette Placement: Parallel to ground In cassette tunnel Beam Center: 45º angle, proximodistal Between heel bulbs 45º
- 12. Hoof: Additional Views Dorsolateral-Palmaromedial Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing on cassette tunnel Cassette Placement: Parallel to ground in tunnel Beam Center: 60º proximodistally 45º off true dorsopalmar Just distal to coronary band 60º PD 45º Obl
- 13. Hoof: Additional Views Dorsomedial-Palmarolateral Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing on cassette tunnel Cassette Placement: Parallel to ground in tunnel Beam Center: 60º proximodistally 45º off true dorsopalmar Just distal to coronary band 60º PD 45º Obl
- 14. Fetlock Minimum of 5 standard views Lateromedial View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Medial aspect of leg, perpendicular to ground Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on joint
- 15. Fetlock Dorsopalmar/Dorsoplantar View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmar/Plantar aspect of leg, on ground Parallel to pastern angle Beam Center: 20º proximal to distal Centered on joint
- 16. Fetlock Dorsolateral-Palmaromedial Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmaromedial aspect of limb Parallel to pastern angle Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered at joint 45º dorsolateral to true dorsopalmar 45º DL
- 17. Fetlock Dorsomedial-Palmarolateral Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmarolateral aspect of limb Parallel to pastern angle Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered at joint 45º dorsomedial to true dorsopalmar 45º DM
- 18. Fetlock Flexed Lateral View Patient Position: Affected limb flexed with handler holding hoof Cassette Placement: Medial side of limb, parallel to limb Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered at joint
- 19. Carpus 5 standard views Lateromedial View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Medial aspect of leg Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on joint
- 20. Carpus Dorsopalmar View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmar aspect of leg Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered at carpus
- 21. Carpus Dorsolateral-Palmaromedial Oblique View Patient Placement: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmaromedial aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered at middle of carpus 30º off true lateromedial 30º off LM
- 22. Carpus Dorsomedial-Palmarolateral Oblique View Patient Placement: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Palmarolateral aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered at middle of carpus 30º off true mediolateral 30º off ML
- 23. Carpus Flexed Lateromedial View Patient Position: Affected limb flexed 60º, handler holding hoof Cassette Placement: Medial side of limb, centered at joint Beam Center: Parallel to ground Centered between proximal & distal rows of carpal bones
- 24. Tarsus 4 standard views Lateromedial View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Medial aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on proximal intertarsal joint
- 25. Tarsus Dorsoplantar View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Plantar aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on proximal intertarsal joint
- 26. Tarsus Dorsolateral-Plantarmedial Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Plantaromedial aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on proximal intertarsal joint 45º off true lateromedial 45º off LM
- 27. Tarsus Dorsomedial-Plantarolateral Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Plantarolateral aspect of limb Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on proximal intertarsal joint 45º off true mediolateral 45º off ML
- 28. Stifle 3 standard views Lateromedial View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Medial aspect as dorsal as possible Beam Center: Parallel to floor Centered on joint Femoral condyles superimposed
- 29. Stifle Caudocranial View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Cranial aspect of joint Parallel to limb angle Beam Center: Angled parallel to limb proximodistally Direct toward midsagittal plane Centered on joint
- 30. Stifle Caudolateral-Craniomedial Oblique View Patient Position: Weight bearing Cassette Placement: Dorsomedial aspect of limb, as dorsal as possible Beam Center: Caudolateral at 30º angle Lateral to the caudal midsagittal plane Centered at joint 30º Caudolateral