Introduction to basic sentence patterns.

1. The English Sentence
Lesson 1: Understanding
BruceClary,McPhersonCollege,McPherson,Kansas
Thursday, August 22, 13

2. always consist of a subject and a predicate. The
predicate contains the verb and says something
about the subject. Taken together, the subject and
predicate state a complete idea.
Sentences
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Thursday, August 22, 13

3. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
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Thursday, August 22, 13

4. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
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Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

5. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
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Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

6. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

7. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
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Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

8. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

9. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

10. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

11. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

12. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
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Ex: Run!
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

13. usually take one of two forms, depending upon the
verb. A subject complement renames or describes
the subject. A direct object receives the action
expressed by the verb.
Predicates
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Run!
Ex: The editor-in-chief leads the staff meetings.
Ex: Laurina is the editor-in-chief of The Spectator.
Thursday, August 22, 13

14. most English sentences assume one of three basic
patterns comprised of these basic sentence parts:
Thus,
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• S-V
• S-V-DO
• S-V-SC
Thursday, August 22, 13

15. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
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Thursday, August 22, 13

16. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
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Ex: Rivers flow.
Thursday, August 22, 13

17. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Thursday, August 22, 13

18. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Thursday, August 22, 13

19. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Thursday, August 22, 13

20. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Thursday, August 22, 13

21. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Thursday, August 22, 13

22. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Ex: Deon smiled.
Thursday, August 22, 13

23. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Ex: Deon smiled.
Thursday, August 22, 13

24. Some sentences do express a complete idea with
nothing but a subject and an action verb. Action
verbs that have no direct object are intransitive
verbs.
S-V: Intransitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rivers flow.
Ex: Becky teaches.
Ex: Deon smiled.
Thursday, August 22, 13

25. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
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Thursday, August 22, 13

26. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
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Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

27. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

28. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

29. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

30. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

31. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

32. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

33. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

34. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

35. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

36. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

37. Most sentences with action verbs have a direct
object, receiver of the action expressed by the verb.
Verbs that take a direct object are transitive verbs.
S-V-DO: Transitive Verbs
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Ex: Rissa mentors freshmen.
Ex: Becky teaches communication courses.
Thursday, August 22, 13

38. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
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Thursday, August 22, 13

39. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
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Ex: Editors are leaders.
Thursday, August 22, 13

40. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Thursday, August 22, 13

41. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Thursday, August 22, 13

42. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Thursday, August 22, 13

43. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Ex: A good editor is fair minded.
Thursday, August 22, 13

44. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Ex: A good editor is fair minded.
Thursday, August 22, 13

45. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Ex: A good editor is fair minded.
Thursday, August 22, 13

46. Subject complements come in two varieties.
Predicate nominatives rename the subject.
Predicate adjectives describe the subject.
S-V-SC: Subject complements
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
Ex: Editors are leaders.
Ex: A good editor is fair minded.
Thursday, August 22, 13

47. are state-of-being verbs followed by subject
complements. When followed by a subject
complement, the forms of to be are linking verbs.
Linking verbs
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• am
• is
• are
• was
• were
• [will] be
• [has/have] been
• [is/were] being
Thursday, August 22, 13

48. can look like action verbs, but the predicate that
follows renames or describes the subject instead of
receiving any action.
Linking verbs
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• look
• feel
• sound
• smell
• taste
• appear
• stay/remain
• become
• grow
• prove
Thursday, August 22, 13

49. Steps in analyzing sentences
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Thursday, August 22, 13

50. Steps in analyzing sentences
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1. Find the verb
Thursday, August 22, 13

51. Steps in analyzing sentences
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1. Find the verb
2. Ask “Who or what [insert verb]?” to find the subject.
Thursday, August 22, 13

52. Steps in analyzing sentences
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
1. Find the verb
2. Ask “Who or what [insert verb]?” to find the subject.
3. If the verb is an action verb, Ask “[Insert subject
and verb] who or what?” to find the direct object.
Thursday, August 22, 13

53. Steps in analyzing sentences
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
1. Find the verb
2. Ask “Who or what [insert verb]?” to find the subject.
3. If the verb is an action verb, Ask “[Insert subject
and verb] who or what?” to find the direct object.
4. If the verb is a linking verb, ask “Does the subject
complement rename or describe the subject?” to
determine if it is a predicate nominate or predicate
adjective.
Thursday, August 22, 13

54. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

55. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

56. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

57. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

58. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

59. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

60. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

61. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

62. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

63. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

64. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

65. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

66. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

67. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

68. Practice
CM305 EDITING ● FALL 2013
This teriyaki chicken tastes salty!
The flood waters rolled through Lakeside Park’s lagoon.
The flood waters carried debris into the lagoon.
The test proved difficult for the class.
This lesson is the key to your success in this class.
Thursday, August 22, 13

69. Thursday, August 22, 13