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Assignment Content Resources: Ch. 1 and 2 of Management: A Practical Introduction Complete the Target CEO Case Study Analysis. Submit your analysis. Center for Writing Excellence Reference and Citation Generator Grammar and Writing Guides Learning Team Toolkit Case Analysis Questions Answer the following in 175 words each: 1. Describe the managerial functions that were demonstrated in the case description. Provide examples of how each function you discuss was evident in the case study. 2. Assess the success with which the Target
1. MGT 521 Assignment Apply Week 1 Target Case Study Analysis
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Assignment Content Resources: Ch. 1 and 2 of Management: A Practical
Introduction Complete the Target CEO Case Study Analysis. Submit
your analysis. Center for Writing Excellence Reference and Citation
Generator Grammar and Writing Guides Learning Team Toolkit Case
Analysis Questions Answer the following in 175 words each: 1.
Describe the managerial functions that were demonstrated in the
case description. Provide examples of how each function you discuss
was evident in the case study. 2. Assess the success with which the
Target management team handled the management challenges identified
in Chapter 1. 3. Describe the primary management viewpoint
demonstrated in the case study. Evaluate your concept of its success in
this case. Do you think another management viewpoint would have been
more appropriate? 1. Assess your ideas regarding Target’s need and
ability to operate as a Learning Organization in the future. Target CEO
Works to Retain Consumer Trust after the Company Was Hacked
Minneapolis—Executives settled around a square table inside a Target
Corp. conference room here earlier this month and munched on store-
brand snacks as they chewed over something far less appetizing.
Opinion surveys commissioned by the company found that the massive
cybertheft that waylaid Target late [in 2013] had knocked confidence
and trust in the 51-year-old retailer to an all-time low. Target was having
trouble shaking the fallout from a key decision by Chief Executive
Gregg Steinhafel that made the crisis appear even worse than it already
was. The initial evidence had indicated that credit and debit card
numbers of about 40 million Target customers had been stolen. But the
retailer had learned later that the hackers gained access to partial names
2. and physical or e-mail addresses for as many as 70 million people—a
breach that some top executives counseled against disclosing because it
was unclear what kind of fraud danger it posed. Nevertheless, Mr.
Steinhafel insisted on making the bigger number public, sparking news
reports that as many as 110 million Target customers had been affected.
At the meeting, Chief Marketing Officer Jeffrey Jones groused about the
huge number. The public “keeps hearing that equals one-third of all
Americans,” he said. “That’s hammering us.” Mr. Steinhafel says he has
no regrets about the aggressive disclosure and other costly decisions in
the wake of the crisis. “Target won’t be defined by the breach, but how
we handle the breach,” he says. The executives acknowledge the crisis
has damaged the retailer’s bull’s-eye brand, while analysts estimate it
may cost Target billions of dollars. During the holiday-shopping season,
Target’s sales and store traffic plummeted. Call-center volume
overwhelmed employees. Executives testified before congressional
panels, and the company is facing federal and state investigations into
how the cybercrime occurred from its store registers and computer
network. Over the two months since the crisis erupted, Mr. Steinhafel,
59 years old, has lurched from one difficult decision to another. At one
point, he proposed in a meeting that Target would provide free credit
monitoring and identity-theft insurance for one year to all its customers.
Scott Kennedy, a senior executive, asked: “You’re saying we will give
this to any customer who’s ever been in a store, but we aren’t
checking?” Mr. Steinhafel nodded. “Then we’re offering this to all
Americans,” Mr. Kennedy replied. Target went ahead with that plan.
The breach could wind up costing Target, which notched $73 billion in
sales in 2012, a few billion dollars, people familiar with the matter say.
New chip technology to replace magnetic strips on credit cards could
cost about $100 million, one executive told Congress. Card-monitoring
services for customers could cost tens of millions, according to one
3. executive. Hundreds of millions of marketing dollars could be diverted
to repairing the brand. In addition, costs are mounting for reissuing
cards, staffing call centers, forensic and data-security units, and lawyers
for public inquiries and private lawsuits. . . . The CEO, who likes to say
“retail is detail,” is known internally for paying surprise visits to Target
stores—there are about 1,800 in the U.S. that drew about 32 million
customers a week before the crisis. Store managers say they warn each
other to be alert for a man snooping around the aisles, frequently
snacking from a box of animal crackers. Recently, Mr. Steinhafel says,
he stopped a manager who was reading e-mail on her cellphone as she
passed through Target’s downtown Minneapolis headquarters. “Please
be in the present,” he recalls telling her. From November 27, the day
before Thanksgiving, through December 18, Target executives say,
shoppers’ payment-card data was captured through “malware” installed
in Target’s computer network. The hackers had entered the network
through a vendor. The breach got wide publicity. Shoppers clogged
Target phone lines and stores. Some sent tweets and emails that they
would never again shop at Target. On the last weekend before
Christmas, the big crowds at Target stores had dwindled. On December
20, Mr. Jones, the chief marketing officer, urged Mr. Steinhafel to
appear in a video on Target’s website. The CEO was reluctant. He didn’t
have a script and was exhausted. With a camera rolling, Target’s public-
relations chief, Dustee Jenkins, asked him questions. Mr. Steinhafel,
clad in Target’s trademark red shirt and khakis store attire, thanked
customers for their trust, provided tips to monitor their accounts, and
promised zero liability to shoppers for any fraudulent charges. Mr.
Steinhafel began holding twice-daily “status meetings” in a 32nd floor
conference room. Early this month, prompted by the Target data breach,
Congress held hearings on cyberattacks. As Mr. Mulligan, the CFO,
made his appearances, Mr. Steinhafel and his executive team watched
4. from the company’s “situation room.” A Secret Service official testified
that the data breach was “highly technical and sophisticated,” prompting
Mr. Steinhafel to remark: “That shows it’s not just our operation. It
would be hard for any retailer to withstand this.” At a daily status
meeting early this month, Mr. Steinhafel pushed to accelerate to early
next year the timeline for Target to replace magnetic strips on its
payment cards with a new chip technology widely used in Europe and
Canada that is less vulnerable to fraud.
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MGT 521 Entire Course
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MGT 521 Week 1 Apply Management And Applications Worksheet
MGT 521 Week 2 Apply Management Planning Worksheet
MGT 521 Week 3 Apply Organizational Culture and Design
MGT 521 Week 4 Apply Leadership Examination
MGT 521 Week 5 Apply Using the Project Planner’s Toolkit
MGT 521 Week 6 Apply Hewlett-Packard Case Study Analysis
MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 1
MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 2
MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 3
MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 4
MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 1
5. MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 2
MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 3
MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 4
MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 1
MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 2
MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 3
MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 4
MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 1
MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 2
MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 3
MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 4
MGT 521 Week 5 DQ 1
MGT 521 Week 5 DQ 2
MGT 521 Week 5 DQ 3
MGT 521 Week 5 DQ 4
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MGT 521 Final Exam Guide (New)
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1. ________ is defined as a business firm’s intention, beyond its legal
and economic obligations, to do the right things and act in ways that are
good for society.
6. Social screening
Social responsibility
Social obligation
Values-based management
2. The balanced scorecard measures organizational performance against
previously established standards. Which of the four functions of
management relates most closely to setting these standards?
Controlling
Leading
Organizing
Planning
3. Budgets can be used as tools within which two functions of
management?
Controlling and organizing
Planning and leading
Controlling and planning
Organizing and leading
4. Indira Patel has been working in her organization’s computer security
department for the past 10 years. If another employee follows Indira’s
recommendations in a given situation, based on her expertise in
computer security, which source of power is Indira using?
Legitimate power
Coercive power
7. Expert power
Referent power
5. If Carol Reece is a charismatic leader, which of the following
characteristics is she most likely to possess?
An external locus of control
A sensitivity to environmental constraints and follower needs
A strong need to be in control
A fear of taking risks
6. According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following
dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is
likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group
members to meet goals?
Consideration structure
Intelligence structure
Initiating structure
Psychological structure
7. On Monday, Jim’s Taco Shop identified a problem with tainted
ground beef that was used to make tacos and nacho platters for its lunch
customers. If the staff at Jim’s did not identify the problem until after the
lunch rush, what type of control would this demonstrate?
Feedforward control
Concurrent control
Proactive control
8. Feedback control
8. The ________ determines the number of levels and managers in an
organization.
chain of command
span of control
unity of command
delegation of authority
9. During benchmarking, an organization can compare its processes and
products to competitors in its own industry and to noncompetitors
outside the industry. What is a main benefit of comparing a firm’s
performance against an organization it does not consider a competitor?
A noncompetitor may allow an organization to see its practices more
readily than a competitor in the same industry.
A noncompetitor may be the world leader in a specific process or
practice, and an organization can learn from it.
A noncompetitor may be easier to find and benchmark, because the top
firms in the world are so diverse.
There is no benefit to benchmarking a firm against a noncompetitor.
10. If a manager rationalizes that he or she does not have time to
investigate the source of a problem and instead resorts to putting out
fires, the manager is missing the use of ________.
bureaucratic control
basic corrective action
concurrent control
9. immediate corrective action
11. Which leadership theory is derived from the belief that a leader’s job
is to remove pitfalls and roadblocks so followers can achieve their work
goals?
Contingency theory
Fiedler’s theory
Leader participation model
Path-goal theory
12. A company that wants to distinguish itself from the competition in
the marketplace is most likely using which of the following strategies?
Functional strategy
Focus strategy
Differentiation strategy
Generic strategy
13. When a manager makes use of a SWOT analysis, one of his or her
objectives is to
set specific short-term performance standards for each department
formulate appropriate strategies to exploit strengths, protect against
threats, and correct weaknesses
evaluate the desirability of issuing stocks or bonds in the current
financial climate
identify the best employees to fill each position in the organization
14. What can be said about a manager who believes she worked hard
10. and met her organization’s productivity goals despite unfavorable
conditions?
She has an external locus of control.
She has a high ego strength.
She has an internal locus of control.
She has a low ego strength.
15. Which of the following is a characteristic of a matrix organization?
It is free of internal and external boundaries.
It has formal departments to which employees return after completing a
project
It conforms to the unity of command principle.
It has a single chain of command for functional managers to report to.
16. Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic
organization?
Narrow span of controls
High specialization
Cross-functional teams
Rigid departmentalization
17. Conflicts can be resolved by satisfying one’s own needs at the
expense of others. This conflict- management technique is known as
________.
forcing
11. avoiding
collaborating
compromising
18. When planning for unexpected events, a company is using which of
the following techniques?
Contingency planning
Benchmarking
Financial forecasting
SWOT analysis
19. Melvin manages a team of 10 employees, including Jane and Jared.
Jared is leaving the organization to find a job as a manager in another
field. Meanwhile, due to performance issues, Melvin terminates Jane’s
employment with the company. Both of these are examples of what type
of employee behavior?
Job satisfaction
Employee productivity
Absenteeism
Turnover
20. Searching for new ideas beyond an organization’s boundaries and
allowing changes to easily transfer inward and outward is known as
________.
open innovation
strategic partnering
12. knowledge management
organizational osmosis
21. Which business practice would likely encourage ethical behavior?
Intense competition for valued rewards
Cultural values for obedience to authority
Strong emphasis on individual productivity
Strong emphasis on leading by example
22. Why are feedforward controls more rarely implemented as compared
to other types of controls?
Feedforward controls result in wasted time and money.
Feedforward controls require managers to interact directly with
employees.
Feedforward controls are time-consuming for managers because they
must continually monitor progress.
Feedforward controls require timely and accurate information that is
hard to obtain.
23. Which of the following statements is true about group decision
making?
It generates more complete information and knowledge.
It is most suitable for matters that must be critically evaluated.
It prevents any one minority from dominating or influencing the final
decision.
It takes less time to reach a solution than it would an individual.
13. 24. In the ________ approach of going green, organizations respond to
the environmental preferences of customers.
activist
legal
market
stakeholder
25. Thomas often annoys his coworkers with his talkativeness and
assertive personality. According to the Big Five Model of personality,
Thomas would be described as high in the trait of ________.
openness to experience
extraversion
agreeableness
conscientiousness
26. If a firm wanted to identify how much money was being made for
each sale of a given product (above and beyond the costs associated with
making that product), what type of ratio would it use?
Liquidity ratios
Activity ratios
Profitability ratios
Leverage ratios
27. It is crucial to determine an acceptable _____ during the comparing
step in the control process.
written report
14. measure of organizational performance
ideal standard
range of variation
28. An organization’s ________ goals are official statements of what an
organization says its goals are.
real
stated
synthetic
implicit
29. Kelly is interviewing candidates to fill a vacancy on her team. One
candidate has a degree from a prestigious university, and Kelly is
impressed. In speaking with her fellow members of the interview panel,
however, Kelly finds that no one else enjoyed the interview with the
candidate, finding her to be pompous, aggressive, and self-serving. In
her focus on only the candidate’s education, Kelly may have fallen
victim to _______.
stereotyping
the halo effect
assumed similarity
selectivity
30. Which of the following stages is when the group structure is in place
and accepted by the group members?
Norming
15. Storming
Performing
Adjourning
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MGT 521 Final Exam Guide (New, 2019)
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1. Unlike leaders, managers are those who: encourage and motivate
employees to work together to achieve a common vision.
implement procedures and processes to ensure the smooth
functioning of an organization. seek innovation rather than
stability in their approach to fulfill organizational aspiration
develop relationships with employees based on trust and mutual
respect. 2. Adopting a __________ involves distributing monetary
resources among divisions to increase financial returns or to
spread risks among different businesses. differentiation strategy
global strategy portfolio strategy multidomestic strategy 3. Which
of the following statements is true of a corporate-level strategy?
It provides the framework within which functional managers
operate. It is the primary responsibility of top managers. It is used
to identify an organization’s strengths and weaknesses. It outlines
a division’s long-term goals. 4. __________ is the process by
which managers establish the structure of working relationships
among employees to allow them to achieve a company’s goals
16. efficiently and effectively. Leading Organizing Planning Controlling
5. Identify a true statement about an effective control system? It
provides managers with accurate information about
organizational performance. It is limited in its capacity to provide
managers with information in a timely manner. It allows
managers to take only programmed decisions. It is an informal
system that helps managers make decisions. 6. A __________
specifies the national markets and industries an organization
plans to compete in and why it intends to do so. corporate-level
strategy functional-level strategy business-level strategy
department-level strategy 7. Which of the following models of
leadership focused on identifying the characteristics of a person
capable of being an effective leader? House’s path-goal model
The trait model The behavioral model Fiedler’s contingency model
8. Which of the following principles identified by Henri Fayol
focuses on the chain of command with an organization? A
manager should not encourage or allow his or her employees to
be innovative and creative. An employee should receive orders
from only one supervisor. A manager is not entitled to ask for his
or her employees’ obedience. Authority should be concentrated
at the top of the chain of command in an organization. 9. A low-
cost strategy requires organizations to: focus its attention on
customers from a particular geographic area. direct its efforts to
cater to a particular kind of customer. increase the spending on
research and development to differentiate its products from
those of its competitors. develop products that can be
manufactured inexpensively compared to existing rival products.
10. The __________ of an organization is responsible for building
17. an efficient top management team. first-line manager vice-
president middle manager chief executive officer 11. Which of the
following is a feature of a high-performing organization? The
managers choose inappropriate goals but use resources
effectively to achieve them. The managers choose the right goals
to pursue and use resources appropriately to meet them. The
organization produces a product that customers will want to buy
but will not be able to afford. The organization produces a low-
quality but affordable product. 12. According to Lewin’s force-
field theory of change, which of the following factors results in a
change in an organization? A stable general environment A stable
task environment A decrease in forces for change A decrease in
resistance to change 13. Which of the following statements is true
of transformational leaders? They prefer to maintain the status
quo in their organizations. They use reward power and coercive
power to command respect from their subordinates. They engage
with subordinates and motivate them to work toward
organizational goals. They hesitate to share information with their
coworkers. 14. First-line managers in an organization are
responsible for: helping middle managers set organizational goals.
assessing the appropriateness of organizational goals. supervising
nonmanagerial employees on a day-to-day basis. ensuring the
smooth functioning of all departments. 15. _____ is a measure of
how productively resources are utilized to meet a goal Efficiency
Product utilization Centralization Management 16. According to
Henry Fayol, the planning process in an organization is effective
when: it sets disparate, specific goals for each functional level. it
proposes multiple plans to achieve an organizational goal. it
18. allows plans to be designed and modified at all levels. it produces
plans that are static, thus avoiding confusion. 17. Which of the
following statements is true of an evolutionary change in an
organization? It helps the organization adapt to gradual changes
in the environment. It involves quickly finding new ways to be
effective. It is effected through reengineering and innovation. It is
likely to result in a radically new structure for the organization. 18.
Which of the following is an advantage of implementing a
functional structure in an organization? It helps managers
specialize and develop expertise in only one product area. It
enables employees who perform similar kinds of jobs to observe
and learn from each other. It lets organizations choose the set of
products that serves the needs of regional customers. It allows
functional managers to develop generic skills that help manage all
aspects of production. 19. Which of the following did Frederick W.
Taylor believe to be an outcome of recording the method of
performing a particular task in an organization? Tasks became
complicated and time-consuming. Job procedures became
standardized and more routine. Workers did not have to be
trained for specific roles anymore. Workers’ informal knowledge
about their tasks became irrelevant. 20. Which of the following is
an advantage of group decision making? It allows managers to
process more information and rectify one another’s errors. It is
unaffected by any kind of cognitive bias as it benefits from
multiple perspectives. It is easy to execute because getting two or
more managers to agree on a solution is relatively simple. It
allows managers to take decisions within relatively short periods
of time compared to individual decision makers. 21. __________
19. is the formal system of task and job reporting relationships that
determines how employees utilize resources to achieve a
company’s goals. Organizational culture Organizational matrix
Organizational design Organizational structure 22. One way of
pursuing a differentiation strategy is by: introducing products that
are replicas of a competitor’s products. investing more on
research and development. offering specialized products at low-
costs. looking for new ways to reduce production costs. 23. An
organization’s return on investment is calculated by dividing: its
profit before interest and taxes by its total interest charges. its
operating profit by sales revenue. its net income before taxes by
its total assets. its current assets by its current liabilities. 24. How
does an increase in job specialization lead to higher organizational
performance? Each worker becomes responsible for all the
different tasks involved in producing a product thereby increasing
productivity. Each worker specializes in a different set of tasks
over a period of time. Workers performing specific tasks become
much more skilled and produce a product faster while working in
groups. Workers join different groups and each group performs
the same task at increasing costs over a period of time. 25. A
differentiation strategy can be employed by organizations to:
ensure strict control over various departments by a system of
checks and balances. achieve flexibility in organizational culture.
enhance the value consumers perceive in their products. reduce
costs in all their functions. 26. Which of the following scenarios
illustrates the attraction-selection-attrition framework? Miriam
likes experimenting with new possibilities and taking risks. She
hires like-minded people for her start-up. The management of
20. ThinkFree Inc. requires all prospective employees to attend a
basic induction program. Serena wins the annual award for best
employee of the year. She was selected from all likely candidates
for her dedication to her work. All the newly hired employees of
Style Prints Inc. are encouraged to participate in team outings. 27.
A differentiation strategy is ideal for organizations that: try to
ensure flexibility in organizational culture. aim to produce new,
innovative products. intend to exercise strict control over various
departments. want to ensure flawless coordination among
multiple divisions. 28. __________ signify what an organization
and its members are trying to accomplish. Terminal values Shared
norms Societal norms Instrumental values 29. A person’s
upbringing is an important source of __________. organizational
ethics professional ethics individual ethics societal ethics 30.
__________ is the process by which managers regulate and
monitor how efficiently and effectively an organization as a whole
works to achieve organizational goals. Leading Organizing
Controlling Planning
2. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.
MGT 521 Final Exam Guide
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1) John writes a memo to his employees. Putting his thoughts onto paper
is an example of
21. 2) Chantel received an invitation to a web meeting that will take place at
3:00 p.m. She accepted the invitation. This is an example of
3) You are doing research on political issues and find that you are on a
conservative leaning site. What type of source credibility issue is
this?
4) When reviewing an educational math website, you find the author’s
background is in English. What type of source credibility issue is
this?
5) A famous ice cream manufacturer sent workers to a nearby grocery
store to offer shoppers a sample of its new flavor. The workers
provided samples to 300 shoppers and noted that 80% of the sample
population stated they liked the flavor. Based on this scenario, which
22. of the following is an example of an inference?
6) Persuading or convincing others to accept your argument means the
reasoning must be logical. Which of the following is an example of
logical flaws or fallacies?
7) What is the best way for the CEO to deal with managers in key
positions who continue to resist a major change?
8) Finding a win-win solution that allows parties who are involved to
have their goals achieved is an example of
9) What is emphasized more in ethical leadership theories than in
transformational leadership?
10) Ethical behavior and integrity for a leader is most likely to result in
11) A common characteristic of most entrepreneurs is that they
23. 12) In order to make an intelligent investment decision, entrepreneurs
should
13) The customers, employees, stockholders, suppliers, creditors, and
others who stand to gain or lose by the policies and activities of a
business represent the firm's
14) When a firm makes use of the SWOT analysis, one of its objectives
is to
15) The process of rating an organization's practices, processes, and
products against the best of the world is known as
16) Companies benefit today by inter-firm cooperation. One of the ways
they cooperate is through networking. Another way is by seeking
technological knowledge and learning new processes from other firms
that usually fall outside of their respective industries. We call this
24. 17) An important difference between accounting and other business
functions, such as marketing and management, is that
18) Although accounting has several specific uses, the overall purpose of
accounting can be summarized as
19) An important advantage that knowledge technology has over older
versions of business technology is that it
20) First Engineering, a large U.S. based mechanical engineering firm, is
considering entering the global market. Upon careful analysis of
the global market, they will find that global trade
21) The process of setting up individual functional units of the business
to do specialized tasks is called
22) The proven success of job specialization lies in the fact that
23) Economics is the study of how a society
25. 24) How is it that people working in their own self-interest produce
goods, services, and wealth for others?
25) The ultimate resource of a firm is its
26) Today, human resource management has become so important that
in many firms it has become
27) Which of the following is included in performing a business
analysis?
28) When the competition is intense and the environment is changing
rapidly, it is especially important to
29) Which of the following would be a concern addressed in a strategic
plan?
26. 30) Tactical planning
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MGT 521 Week 1 Apply Management And Applications Worksheet (2
Papers)
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Purpose The driving question behind this activity is "How can I apply
key concepts from Management for success in school and my career?"
This activity can help you understand and apply key management
concepts and tools from this Week's materials to identify opportunities
for becoming more efficient and effective at work while you pursue an
MBA. By completing the provided worksheet, you will gather concepts,
resources, and tools for building future assignments, and that can
provide immediate benefits in your job and relationships, including the
following: • Identify and apply course concepts for success at
school, work, and community. • Enhance credibility and assure
integrity by supporting your ideas with research. • Automate
management of research and attributions to save time, establish
credibility, and ensure integrity of your work. Proactive Time
Management Since many of the concepts in this course may be new or
presented in a different perspective than your experience, consider
starting to work on this early in the Week. Learning has a time
component; so, relying on just-in-time management to complete the
assignment and other Weekly activities might get the job done, but you
may miss learning value available through the exercise, while you risk
27. missing deadlines designed to keep you focused and on track. Required
Resources Garner, S. (Producer), & Boland, M. (Director). (2011).
Management styles explained [Video]. Films on Demand. Retrieved
from
https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=18566&xtid=44682
Kinicki, A., & Williams, B. K. (2016). Management: A practical
introduction (17 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education.
Recommended Attribution Tools • Attributions: Become an Instant
APA Expert • Attributions: Add a Citation and Create a Bibliography
[Microsoft] • Attributions: Create a References Cited Page
[Microsoft] Instructions Complete each empty cell in the Management
Concepts and Applications Worksheet to define and apply key concepts
from this Week's materials, as follows: 1. Define. In the Define
column, explain the concepts using course materials or other credible
sources. 1. Keep your definitions brief, 50 to 75 words. 2. Success
tip: Do not copy and paste definitions; make sure the definitions
represent your own learning with proper citations. 2. Cite. In the Cite
column, provide an in-text citation for your concepts. 1. This assignment
should include at least two sources: the Management textbook and the
"Management styles explained" video. 2. Success tip: Do not pull
your definitions off Internet searches. Using the premium resources
you're paying for will help you tap value for your tuition investment,
improve your learning, and assure the integrity of your work. 3.
Competency tip: Use the Microsoft® Word Citations &
Bibliography features under the Microsoft® Word References tab to
automate your referencing. 1. Enter the details about your sources
under Manage Sources. Make sure you select Style > APA. 2. Use
Insert Citation to insert your citation at the point of every borrowed idea.
You will also use the Bibliography > References for the References
Cited section at the end of the document. 3. Apply. In the Apply
28. column, answer each question, focusing on how you can apply the
concept for success in your MBA program or in your career. 1. Keep
your responses brief, no more than 100 words per cell. Build a
References Cited page in APA format. 1. Make sure you have
entered your sources using the Manage Sources option under the
References tab, and inserted citations using the References > Insert
Citation feature. 2. Place your cursor under the References heading at
the end of the worksheet. 3. Under the References heading at the end of
the worksheet, select Bibliography > References. This will automatically
build your References Cited list using the information you entered using
the Manage Sources option. 4. For the final touch, make sure you
have selected Style > APA under the References tab. Competency Tip:
The initial application of the Microsoft® Word References tab might
seem a bit confusing, but the feature will save you many hours of work
in the program by allowing you to automate the tedious attribution
process, and help you integrate research across all your courses. Once
you've entered a source under Manage Sources, that source will be
available for you to apply across all papers in the course and program.
For a demonstration of how to input and apply APA formatted citations
and references, see Attributions: Become an Instant APA Expert.
Concept Summarize (50-75 words per response) Cite Question Apply
(50-75 words per response) Definition of management How can you
apply the definition of management to better perform in your job? The
functions of management How can you apply the functions of
management to be more efficient and effective in integrating your MBA
pursuit with work and family? Differences among the four levels of
management [hint: pyramid]? Where are you on the management
pyramid? What is your strategy for advancing up the pyramid while
pursuing your MBA? Skills exceptional managers need Considering the
skills exceptional managers need, what are your strengths and
29. weaknesses? How will you cultivate those skills at school and work?
Roles that managers must play Considering the three types of
managerial roles defined by Mintzberg, what actions should you take to
fulfill your role as an effective and efficient manager? Difference
between a fixed mind-set and a growth-mindset Do you have a fixed
mind-set or a growth mind-set? How will developing and strengthening
a growth mind-set help you to become more successful at school, work,
and family? Management theory (Identify three) What management
theory most aligns with your preferred management style? How might
shifting your preferences make you a better manager? References Cited
[After entering your sources into the Word References > Manage
Sources tool, place your cursor here, then do the following: 1. Select the
Microsoft Word References Tab 2. Select “Style > APA” 3. Select
“Bibliography > References” If you have correctly entered your source
information into the Microsoft Word References > Manage Sources tool,
you should see a correctly formatted reference cited list here. Make sure
you delete the instructions before you submit your assignment] Self-
Evaluation Content = 80% Met Partially Met Not Met CONTENT
COMMENTS Defined key concepts in management, including:
Definition of management; The functions of management; Differences
among the four levels of management [hint: pyramid]; Skills exceptional
managers need; Roles that managers must play; Difference between a
fixed mind-set and a growth-mindset; Management theory. Definitions
represented your learning by properly paraphrasing quoting, and citing
sources; you did not copy and paste the definitions into the table. Tapped
learning value for tuition investment, established credibility, and
enhanced integrity by supporting definitions with research from the
required materials, with proper citations. BONUS: Used the Word
References feature to Manage Resources and Insert Citations. Applied
each concept for success in MBA program and career by providing a
30. brief response to each question in the “Apply” column of the worksheet.
Applied and cited the required resources, including the “Management: A
practical introduction” textbook and the “Management styles explained”
video. Provided a References Cited Page using APA formatted
references. BONUS: Used the Word References feature to Manage
Resources and build References.
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MGT 521 Week 1 Assignment Management Theories and The
Workplace (2 Papers)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Papers Assignment Steps Resources: Ch. 2 of
Management: A Practical Introduction, sample leadership theory table.
Select three theories from the textbook. Summarize the theory and
viewpoint(s) in a table. Please use the sample leadership theory table
provided. Develop up to a 1,050-word report including the following: •
Briefly discuss an overview of management. • Include the roles
managers play. •Examine the development of management theories,
including how these theories reflected the changing business
environment. • Compare and contrast the three management theories you
included in your leadership theory table. • Include in-text citations and
at least one reference. • Evaluate which of the three management
theories works best for your work environment or an organization with
which you are familiar. Format your assignment consistent with APA
guidelines.
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MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 1
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Select a channel used for business communication. What are the
advantages and challenges of that form of communication? Provide an
example when you have used that form of communication or when
someone else has used that form of communication with you. Did it
work well for that situation? Why or why not?
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MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 2
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How would you use credentials, impartiality, style and tone, and
currency criteria in evaluating the credibility and validity of your
sources of information? Be sure to provide specific examples
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MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 3
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What mistakes should be avoided when presenting an argument and why
are these important in developing effective arguments? Be sure to
provide specific examples.
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MGT 521 Week 1 DQ 4
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How might presenting effective arguments differ in the classroom, daily
32. life, and your job? Would you use different types of supporting evidence
to make your argument? Explain
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MGT 521 Week 1 Individual Assignment Viewpoints Paper
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Viewpoints Paper Select one of the viewpoints mentioned in Chapter 2
of the text. Write a 350- to 700-word paper summarizing the basics of
that viewpoint including highlighting at least one of the key figures
related to that viewpoint.
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MGT 521 Week 2 Apply Management Planning Worksheet
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MGT 521 Week 2 Apply: Management Planning Worksheet
Management Planning Instructions Choose a large company, such as
Amazon, Apple, Disney, or Home Depot, or a company with which you
are familiar to assess the planning function of management. 1.
Identify the mission and vision statements of the company.
Mission Vision 1. Describe in a total of 175 words the strategic,
tactical, and operational plans employed by the company. Determine
which types of managers create each type of plan. Type of Plan
Description Type of Manager 1. Evaluate in a total of 350
words the company’s success in executing the three core processes of
business: people, strategy, and operations. People Strategy Operations
1. Perform an environment scan, or SWOT analysis, of your
chosen company. Evaluate in a total of 350 words the current direction
33. of the company against your analysis. SWOT Analysis Company
Name:_________________________ Internal Factors (Inside Matters)
Strengths Weaknesses External Factors (Outside Matters) Opportunities
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MGT 521 Week 2 Assignment Mission, Vision, Values And
Management (2 Papers)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Papers MISSION, VISION, VALUES AND
MANAGEMENT Resources: Management: A Practical Introduction,
Table 6.1; chosen organization's mission, vision, and value statements,
and strategic plan Examine the mission and vision statements of your
place of employment or an organization with which you are familiar.
Then, use the internet to locate and examine the mission and vision
statement of a comparable organization. Use the Mission and Vision
Comparison Table provided to compare your organization's mission and
vision statement to the one you found on the internet. Create up to a
1,400-word analysis including the following: • Compare your
organization's mission, vision, and values against the criteria for what
makes for robust statements. • Summarize what you concluded when
you compared your organization to the organization you found on the
internet. • Identify your organization's core competencies. • Examine
your organization's core competencies based on established definitions.
Include a rationale for the selection of these core competencies. •
Briefly summarize your organization's strategic goals. • Evaluate
whether your organization's current behavior and business goals are
aligned to its mission, vision, values, and core competencies. •
Determine if your organization lives up to its own mission, vision,
34. and values. • Justify your determination. • Append your Mission
and Vision Comparison Table to the end of the document. Format the
assignment consist with APA guidelines.
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MGT 521 Week 2 Assignment Norwegian Air Worksheet
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Norwegian Air Worksheet Read "Management in Action: Norwegian
Air Shuttle Aspires to Become the Cheapest Global Airline." Complete
the Norwegian Air Worksheet.
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MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 1
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What strategies have been used to promote collaboration at your place of
employment or a company you are familiar with? Have these strategies
been successful or unsuccessful? Explain. Would you recommend
implementing other strategies to promote collaboration? If so, what
would those be?
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MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 2
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What are some real world examples of ethical and unethical practices
you have read about, seen in the news, or encountered at your place of
employment? What were the outcomes of those practices?
35. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 3
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How can values and communication styles impact intercultural
collaboration in a diversified organization?
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MGT 521 Week 2 DQ 4
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How would protected values, preferences, and laws affect consistency in
making ethical decisions? What strategies would you develop and
implement to attain consistent ethical decision making?
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MGT 521 Week 2 Individual Assignment Functional Areas of Business
Paper
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You have decided to pursue an MBA degree either to further your
career, start a new career, or achieve a personal goal. In this program,
you will study the functional areas of business.
Use the MBA Overview and Effective Research and Writing at Modules
you reviewed to complete this assignment.
Write a paper that analyzes the role of a manager within the functional
areas of business:
36. Required elements:
No more than1050 words
Two articles, including at least one peer-reviewed article, from the
University Library cited in your paper to support your writing
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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MGT 521 Week 2 Knowledge Check
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1.As a process of self-examination during her senior year of college,
Casey decides to develop a SWOT analysis of her prospects relative to
getting a job. Casey realizes that she has a personal characteristic that
suggests she is not comfortable interacting with strangers. She interprets
this as a(n) ________ if she is to get a job as a salesperson.
2.Casey is looking for a new job. She decides to develop a SWOT
analysis of the industries she might want to work in. Casey majored in
marketing and enjoyed studying market research. Through her research
on the Internet and in the University Library, she learns that this industry
is currently doing well. She interprets this as a(n) ________.
3.In performing a SWOT analysis, which of the following would be
considered as a threat?
4.Strategic plans are usually ________.
5.Operational plans are usually ________.
6.When organizations think about entering a market, they may be
37. concerned with how unique their product might be. Which of Porter’s
Five Forces would be relevant in this case?
7.________ involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing
strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate
and coordinate work activities.
8.Goals are different from plans because ________.
9.Most company goals can be classified as either ________ or
________.
10.In response to a natural disaster, which contingency factor will affect
the choice of plans?
11.What technique would managers use when seeking to detect big
trends and changing market conditions?
12.The commitment concept says that plans should ________.
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MGT 521 Week 2 Learning Team Charter
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MGT 521 Week 2 Learning Team Charter
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MGT 521 Week 2 Learning Team Weekly Reflection
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Discuss last week’s objectives with your team. Include both the topics
you feel comfortable with, topics you struggled with, and how the
weekly topics relate to application in your field.
38. Prepare a 1- to 3-page paper detailing the findings of your discussion
MGT521 Week 2 Weekly Reflection
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MGT 521 Week 3 Apply Organizational Culture and Design (2 PPT)
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MGT 521 Week 3 Apply: Organizational Culture and Design Resources:
Ch. 8 and 9 of Management and Case Study, Ch. 8 p. 257: IDEO's
Culture Reinforces Helping Behavior Prepare a 7- to 10-slide
Microsoft® PowerPoint®, Prezi, or Microsoft® Sway® presentation
supporting the following scenario relative to the IDEO case description
in Ch. 8 of Management. You have studied the organizational culture in
place at IDEO and are making a presentation about this company to your
company's top management team. • Describe the organizational
culture at IDEO. • Analyze techniques used by IDEO to embed
organizational culture. • Identify the organizational structure used by
your organization/company. Make a recommendation as to whether you
think the IDEO culture could be successfully implemented at your
company. • Recommend mechanisms your company would need to
employ should management decide to implement a culture change in
line with the IDEO culture. Include speaker notes for bulk of
communication. Slides should contain headlines, graphics, and bullets.
Include an introduction and conclusion slide, as well as a reference slide.
Click on the Assignment Files tab to submit your presentation.
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MGT 521 Week 3 Assignment Operational Tactics and Strategic Goals
Presentation (2 PPT)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Presentation Use the environmental analysis
you researched. Create a 10- to 12-slide presentation including detailed
speaker notes in which you include the following: Examine the results of
the internal environmental scan findings in the analysis. Examine the
results of the external environmental scan findings in the analysis.
Discuss the findings of the scans as they relate to relevant research.
Recommend 3 strategic objectives based on the SWOT analysis.
Translate each objective into a business goal. Create a related
operational tactic for 3 distinct sectors of the organization such as
marketing, finance, accounting, etc. Format your assignment consistent
with APA guidelines.
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MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 1
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From the results of your Ethics Awareness Inventory, do your personal
values align with your organizational values? Explain. If there is a
misalignment between your personal values and your organizational
values, what would be an appropriate response to this misalignment?
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MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 2
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40. What attributes do successful entrepreneurs possess? Which attribute do
you feel is the most important and why?
MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 3
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Who are the stakeholders in your place of employment or in a company
with which you are familiar? What are their wants and needs? How does
management meet their needs? What difficulties arise in balancing the
needs of the various stakeholders?
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MGT 521 Week 3 DQ 4
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What are some potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats that a business should consider in a SWOT analysis? How can a
business benefit from gathering this information?
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MGT 521 Week 3 Individual Assignment Organizational Planning
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Review the example SWOT Analyses located in this week's Electronic
Reserve Readings to see the types of information companies include.
Complete the following tasks in the Material: Organizational Planning
Worksheet. Cite your resources.
41. Part One (hand in early):
Select a Fortune 500 company.
Research the selected company by first clicking on the Business Source
Complete: SWOT Analyses link in this week's Electronic Reserve
Readings. Note that additional research is needed to complete this
assignment.
Identify the company's internal and external stakeholders.
Identify the company's goals and identify the following, specifically:
The company's mission and vision
At least one goal that can be accomplished through a strategic plan
At least one goal that can be accomplished through an operational plan
Conduct a SWOT analysis on the selected company
Part Two:
Write a paper that creates strategic and operational plans based on the
SWOT analysis, and includes explanations for the following:
How these plans will achieve the related goals
The effect of planning decisions on the internal and external
stakeholders identified
Required Elements:
No more than 700 words
42. Cite research in your paper to support your writing
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit both the worksheet and pape
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MGT 521 Week 3 Individual Assignment Strategy and Planning Paper
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Strategy and Planning Paper Review Figure 5.3 in the textbook. Write a
950- to 1,100-word paper in which you address the following: •Explain
why the 3 types of goals are important to the strategy of an organization.
•Explain why the different types of planning are important to the
strategy of an organization. •Examine the elements or factors involved in
creating an effective strategy for an organization. Cite a minimum of 2
peer-reviewed sources and include examples from one or more Fortune
500 companies to illustrate your points.
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MGT 521 Week 3 Knowledge Check
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1.The process of dividing work activities into separate job tasks is
known as ________.
2.The process of grouping jobs together is known as ________.
3.The line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to
lower levels, clarifying who reports to whom, is known as the ________.
4.Which of the following is a characteristic of a mechanistic
43. organization?
5.Which of the following structures is highly adaptive, loose, and
flexible?
6.Companies would become more ________ if they allowed
professionals to set the priorities and allocate the resources for their
departments.
organic
7.In a ________ structure, no clear chain of command exists.
8.Which organizational design increases the complexity of assigning
people to projects?
9.In which of the following organizational designs are employees most
likely to experience communication difficulties?
10.A company brings team members together to collaborate on resolving
mutual problems that affect each of their areas. This is an example of the
use of ________.
11.A temporary committee formed to address a specific short-term
problem that affects several departments is known as a ________.
12.Which of the following will help in making communities of practice
successful?
The ________ stage in the group development process is complete when
members begin to think of themselves as part of a group.
14.During the ________ stage of the group development process, a
relatively clear hierarchy of leadership and agreement on the group’s
direction emerge.
The ________ stage of the group development process is one in which
44. close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive.
16.In which of the following conflict-management techniques are
conflicts resolved by seeking an advantageous solution for all the parties
involved?
17.Conflicts can be resolved by withdrawing from them or suppressing
them. This conflict-management
18.Which of the following lists are the five conflict-management options
available to managers?
Behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a
social unit is called a ________.
20.Which of the following is a negative aspect of group norms?
21.Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding status
systems?
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MGT 521 Week 3 Learning Team Reflection
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Read the “Developing Your Empowering People (Delegating) Skill”
Skills Exercise at the end of Ch. 10 of Management.
Discuss the scenario with your Learning Team.
Consider the five behaviors described for delegating to determine how to
handle the scenario.
Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing how your team would
handle the situation described in the scenario.
45. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.ing from them
or suppressing them. This conflict-management
18.Which of the following lists are the five conflict-management options
available to managers?
Behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a
social unit is called a ________.
20.Which of the following is a negative aspect of group norms?
21.Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding status
systems?
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MGT 521 Week 3 Structure Follow Strategy (Individual Paper)
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Purpose of Assignment The purpose of this assignment is to give
learners experience developing an organizational SWOT analysis that
they may use for strategic planning. This assignment is pre-work for the
Learning Team assignment this week. Assignment Steps Resources:
Management: A Practical Introduction; strategic plan for organization
you chose; a leader or manager to interview. Select the organization you
work for or an organization of your choice. Interview one leader or
manager from the organization so that you may complete a SWOT for
the organization. Let the interviewee know you are working on a class
project. Prior to your interview, develop a 5- to 7-question interview
questionnaire you will use to query the interviewee to complete the
organization's SWOTs. Conduct a SWOT analysis of the organization.
Create a 525-word limit summary of the analysis. Format the assignment
46. consistent with APA guidelines. Click the Assignment Files tab to
submit your assignment.
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MGT 521 Week 3 Team Structure Follows Strategy (2 PPT)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Presentations Structure Follows Strategy - Team
The purpose of this assignment is to give learners experience in
formulating management strategy for expansion into global markets.
Assignment Steps Resources: Management: A Practical Introduction;
Global Markets Prior to the team discussion, each team member must
complete a SWOT analysis for his or her organization. Learners may use
the same organization from Week 2. Discuss in the team forum each
team member's individual company SWOT analysis based on the
Individual Assignment. Select one of your teammate's organizations to
use for this assignment based on your discussion. Select a global market
into which the company might expand. This should be a market with
different characteristics so do not choose a similar market such as
Canada. Scenario: The company is considering expanding into the
global market. As a result, the management team is analyzing the current
strategic objectives, the organization's structure and looking at how this
change may affect any or all of these areas. The team will present these
findings to leadership once completed. Create a 8- to 10-slide
PowerPoint® presentation including detailed speaker notes or voiceover
in which you include the following: Examine the current strategic
objectives of the organization. Determine the current structure of the
organization. Discuss how expanding to a global market may affect
47. work functions. Recommend structural alternatives that may facilitate
the new global strategy. How do these options differ? What are their
strengths and weaknesses? Determine the key components of a change
management strategy for the restructuring. Recommend next steps for an
action plan. Create a "Recommended Structure" infographic in an
appropriate format for the organization based on the analysis. This can
be done using Microsoft® Publisher®, Word, or sites such as Glogster®
or PiktoChart®. The infographic should illustrate the team's choice of
structure.
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MGT 521 Week 4 Apply Leadership Examination (2 Papers)
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MGT 521 Week 4 Apply: Leadership Examination Resources: Ch.12
and 14 of Management Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper outlining
key concepts of leadership. Include the following in your paper: •
Describe at least three different types of behavioral leadership
approaches. • Select a prominent leader and identify their dominant
leadership style. Provide examples to justify your selection. • Explain
the two Situational Leadership Approaches (the Fiedler contingency
leadership model and the path-goal leadership model). • Analyze their
potential advantages over the behavioral leadership approaches. •
Explore the uses of Transformational Leadership, including the
idea that the best leaders are both transactional and transformational. •
Assess the four key behaviors of transformational leaders for inspiring
employees. Use APA formatting to complete your paper. Click on the
Assignment Files tab to submit your paper.
48. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MGT 521 Week 4 Assignment Organizational Structure Presentation
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Organizational Structure Presentation The organization you work for
currently has a traditional structure - divisional structure. However, the
organization has gone through some big changes including a merger
with another organization. The organization is now global and produces
products and services clients in a number of different areas. They
currently employ roughly 500 employees. Your team has been tasked
with recommending a new organizational structure to the head of the
organization. Create a 16- to 20-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint®
presentation, including detailed speaker notes, directed toward the head
of the organization. In this presentation, your team will explain what the
changes will be and why these changes will allow the firm to succeed in
the future.
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MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 1
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How could benchmarking be effectively used to achieve competitive
advantage? Provide an example.
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MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 2
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What information is gained through managerial accounting? How can a
49. business use this information? As an investor in a small business, what
sorts of things may concern you regarding a firm’s financial statements?
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MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 3
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What are some of the benefits of using technology in managing
information and human resources in business? What technology is used
at your place of employment to manage information and human
resources?
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MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 4
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1.Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader
tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral
decisions, and limit employee participation?
2.The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to
value employee participation, including in such areas as decision making
and deciding on work methods and goals.
3.Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the
leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions
and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?
4.The ________ model proposed that the results of the least-preferred
coworker questionnaire could determine whether someone was
relationship or task oriented, and these results would determine
50. effectiveness of group performance.
5.Which leadership model proposed that the final component in the
model is the four stages of follower readiness, and different levels of
follower readiness call for a different leader–follower relationship?
6.According to Hersey and Blanchard, a low task–high relationship
situation calls for the ________ leadership style.
7.When Alan Jackman got promoted as the head of the sales team at
Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to
form the core sales group with him. Which of the following predictions
would be consistent with the leader-member exchange theory?
8.Which of the following is an accurate statement about managers
transferring into the role of effective team leaders?
9.Rachel Keller’s colleagues and subordinates have a high regard for
her. They know that Rachel can help them meet their goals, and she is
always willing to reward them when they do. What her subordinates like
best about Rachel is that they know she appreciates their work by the
team lunches she often holds. Which of the following best describes
Rachel’s leadership style?
10.Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of
his or her level of authority in the business?
11.Sam Meyers manages a telemarketing call center. He has 20
employees working for him who are displeased with the way he yells
and threatens to terminate them for what they see as small issues. Which
kind of power is Sam using to get the job done?
12.Marsha Lewis is the manager at a fast-food establishment, managing
a staff of 25 employees. Many of her staff members are extremely
51. impressed with how she handles her work, and they emulate Marsha’s
behaviors and actions in working with others. The team believes Marsha
is fair and understanding, and she always promotes from within when
employees have been performing well. Which two sources of power
does Marsha use in this example?
13.What performance measure considers the efficiency and effectiveness
of employees?
14.What aggregate measure allows managers to assess how happy an
employee is with the many different factors at his or her job?
15.When an employee volunteers to run a canned food drive, this is an
example of
16.In the Big Five Model of personality, an employee who is good-
natured and highly cooperative, would be referred to as scoring high in
the trait of ________.
17.In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to
________.
18.Susan is often described as being fascinated by many things,
including outdoor activities, inventive art exhibits, and books by up-and-
coming authors. According to the Big Five Model of personality, Susan
would be described as ________.
19.________ theory gauges whether a person’s behavior shows
distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency.
20.Garth manages a team of 5 salespeople. One of the salespeople,
Robert, has been late to work for the past few days. If Garth attributes
Robert’s tardiness to a lack of caring about his job versus Robert having
to drop his wife at work, Garth is using the________.
52. 21.At work today, Tanya received the good news that the team she was
part of secured a winning bid for her company to serve as the architect
partner for a new shopping mall. Tanya also received the bad news that
the transmission on her car must be replaced. Tanya credits the good
news to her ability to complete work on time and the bad news to the
poor craftsmanship of her car. Tanya is exhibiting a(n) ________.
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