1. Introduction to Cells Ribosome Cell membrane Cell wall Peptidoglycan Ribosome (attached) Nucleolus Ribosome (free) Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus DNA Flagellum Pili The Discovery of the Microscope lead to the discovery of the cell and the cell theory, Why? ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The cell Theory: after numerous observations it was evident that ______________________________________________________ All __________________________________________________________ Cells are the __________________________________________________ New cells ____________________________________________________ Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes : _______________________________________ Prokaryotes: _________________________________________________ _______. Example: ___________ Usually ______________________________________ Eukaryote: ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________. Examples: ____________________ Can be _____________________ Prokaryote VS. Eukaryote Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
3. Nucleus -_____________________ Cell Protein Synthesis Uses _____________________________________________________________________ Usually ___________________________________________________________________ Only found in ______________________________________________________________ The _____________________________ _________________________________________ Ribosomes - ____________________________________ Can be attached to the _________________________________________________________________________________________ Function- the free floating ribosomes take instructions from ________________________________________________________ where the Ribosomes on the Rough E.R. ________________________________________________________________________ Cells in the pancreas ______________________________ ______________________________________________________ Found in ________________________________________, ___________________________________________________________ Structure – Ribosomes_________________________________________________________________________________________ Make Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells Hemoglobin
4. Mitochondrion – ____________________ Cell Energy “_____________________________________” of the cell Uses _____________________________ _____________________________________ More active cells like ______________________________________________________ Both ________________________________ Site of ___________________________ (burning glucose) Folded inner membrane called ___________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ + ATP Chloroplasts – _______________________ Use __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Light Energy ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________, they are filled with chlorophyll, this is what makes them look ____________________ Site of _______________________________________________(___________________________________) Thylakoid stacks (______________________), ______________________ _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stroma: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Fluid contains ____________________________________________________________________________________________ H2O o2 CO2 Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
5. Cell Homeostasis Vacuole– _________________ Outside of cell Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Fluid filled sac for ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Found only in ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________, this helps to give a plant __________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vacuoles helps maintain (______________________________) a stable _________________________________________________ Some aquatic animal cells have __________________________________________________________________________________ Paramecium Kingdom Protista Plant Cell Cell (Plasma) Membrane – ____________________ __________________________________________________ Cell Membrane: a __________________________________composed of a double layered sheet called a _______________________which provides __________________________________________________________________________________________ Found in ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Composition (made up of): Lipid Bilayer: ______________________________________________ Proteins Channels: __________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Receptor Proteins: Have carbohydrate chains _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Proteins Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
6. Function of Cell Organelles Animal Cells Plant Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
7. Cell Communication Chemical _________________________________________________________________________________________ A _________________________________________________________________________________________ The nerve cell releases __________________________(___________________________________) from the cell The _______________________________that will fit into a _____________________on the muscle cell that has the __________________ The ________________________________________________________________________________________ Muscle Cell Membrane ACH Nerve Cell Cell Communication-____________________________________________ Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells
8. large subunit small subunit Protein channel Lipid bilayer CO2 H2O The Pancreas is signaled to make insulin Cells in the body are signaled to take up glucose When blood sugar gets to ↓ the brain sends the pancreas a signal to make Glucagon(protein) After you eat a meal, Blood Sugar is ↑ The liver is signaled to store any extra glucose as Glycogen This causes the blood glucose to rise, or if you haven’t ate in a while and there is no more glycogen to break down you start to feel hungry The body uses glucose to make ATP and power cells. The more active you are the more glucose your body needs Receptor Proteins in the liver are signaled by the Glucagon to start breaking glycogen down into glucose
