The document summarizes Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which describes 4 stages that children progress through as they develop intellectually. The stages are sensorimotor (birth to age 2), preoperational (ages 2 to 7), concrete operational (ages 7 to 11), and formal operational (ages 11 and up). Piaget believed that children build knowledge through direct experiences and interactions with objects and people in their environment. His theory emphasized that children are active learners who construct their own understanding of the world.