The document discusses the digestive system and how it works. It begins by describing what happens when a person eats an apple, from chewing and tasting it to the various organs digesting and absorbing its nutrients even while the person is unaware. It then examines each organ's specific functions, from the mouth where digestion begins to the stomach, intestines, and others. The chapter explores the mechanics and chemistry of digestion to allow the body to use food for energy and growth.
1. THE ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
How does the Digestive System really works?
2. The digestive system is continually at
work, yet people seldom appreciate the
complex tasks it performs in a
choreographed biologic symphony. Consider
what happens when you eat an apple. Of
course, you enjoy the apple’s taste as you
chew it, but in the hours that follow, unless
something goes amiss and you get a
stomachache, you don’t notice that your
digestive system is working.
3. You may be taking a walk or studying
or sleeping, having forgotten all about
the apple, but your stomach and
intestines are busy digesting it and
absorbing its vitamins and other
nutrients. By the time any waste
material is excreted, the body has
appropriated all it can use from the
apple.
4. In short, whether you pay attention or
not, the organs of the digestive system
perform their specific functions,
allowing you to use the food you eat to
keep you going. This chapter examines
the structure and functions of these
organs, and explores the mechanics
and chemistry of the digestive
processes.
5. After this lesson you’re expected
to identify the different parts of
digestive system and how does it
works together.
6. Activity 1. Warm Up
As you do your daily chores, you heard a
crumbling sound inside your body. As if
something is moving inside you. Then as it
continue you feel hungry. You look at the
clock and notice its lunch time as the urge
continue you salivate and wanted to eat.
This only means that your digestive is doing
its work. These activities will help you learn
all about the digestive system and how it
functions. But first list down the food you
ate yesterday.
7. List them below as:
Breakfast: ______________________________
Lunch: ___________________________________
Dinner: ___________________________________
8. What I Know
Before starting to study Digestive System answer first the
following items to determine if you know something about
the lesson for today
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10. If you got all the answers correct, congratulations! It
shows that you have a wide range of knowledge when
it comes to our topic on uniform mixtures. You may still
review this topic and learn new things ahead.
If you didn’t get a high score, no worries. This
module will help you learn more the concept that you
may eventually use in your daily life. Study carefully
this topic and you will be able to answer all the
questions in the activities that lie ahead. Are you
ready?
12. The human body is a wonderful
machine. It is made up of parts that
work together in an orderly way to
perform similar functions. A group of
body organs working together to
perform a function is called an organ
system. Our body has a complicated
design which is composed of
subsystems that works together to
keep us healthy and maintain our well-
14. The Digestive System is the organ system
which takes charge in the breaking down of
food into simple substances and absorbing
the nutrients to nourish the cells throughout
the body so they can function well. Digestion
starts in the mouth and ends in the small
intestine. The digestive system can be
grouped into two: the digestive tract and the
accessory organs. The digestive tract is an
open ended tube through which the food
passes. It is composed of the following
organs - mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine and large intestine.
16. Digestion is the
process by which
food is broken and
dissolved so that it
can be taken into
the blood to be
used by the body.
17. The parts of the digestive system
are the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, and anus.
Other parts of the digestive system
are the salivary glands, liver, gall
bladder, and pancreas that produce
fluids needed in the digestion of the
food you eat.
18. Mouth The mouth receives the food
you eat. Inside the mouth are
the tongue and teeth. The
tongue moves the food so that
the teeth can chew it well. The
first step in digestion involves
biting, cutting, and chewing of
the food. As you chew, the
salivary glands produce saliva,
which is a digestive juice. As it
mixes with the chewed food,
some of the nutrients of food is
changed to sugar.
19. Esophagus From the mouth, the food
passes through a long
tube called the esophagus.
The walls of the
esophagus are made up of
muscles. These muscles
move in a wavelike motion
to squeeze and push the
food down to the stomach.
This muscular movement
is known as peristalsis.
20. Stomach The stomach has many
small glands along its
walls. These glands
release enzymes,
hydrochloric acid, and
water, which all combine
to form gastric juice. The
enzymes found in the
gastric juice breaks down
the proteins in the food.
As peristalsis mixes the
food, it also pushes the
food toward the small
intestine.
23. Large
Intestine
This is a large, coiled tube
attached to the small
intestine. It is about two
meters long. It is twice as
wide as the small intestine.
The undigested food goes
to this part of the digestive
system. Excess water is
squeezed from it. A soft
solid waste is temporarily
stored here.
24. Small
Intestine
The small intestine is a
narrow coiled tube
connected to the
stomach. Final
digestion of
carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins in the
food happens here.
The digested food then
combines with the
blood.
25. Rectum
The movement of the
walls of the large
intestines pushes the
waste into this part. It
serves as the
passageway of
undigested food
coming from the large
intestine to the anus.
26. Anus This is an
opening
where waste
comes out of
the body.
27. Activity 2: Digestive System
Complete the parts of this diagram to show how the
flow of digestion occurs.
28. Do you know how digestion
works in our body?
Let’s find out by doing this
activity!
29. Activity 3: Experiment time!
Let’s use these
materials:
Biscuits, jar with cover
and water
30. Let’s do these way:
1.Bite and chew the biscuit. Observe what
happens to the biscuit. Notice what makes
the biscuit soft and easy to move as you chew it.
2. Swallow the biscuit and observe where it
goes.
3. Now, put another biscuit (make sure you
also crushed the biscuit put into the jar half filled
with water and cover it tightly and shake it.
4. Observed what happen and
5. Answer the following question.
31. Let’s write down our observation:
1. What happened to the biscuit as you
chewed it?
2. What made the biscuit soft and easy to
chew?
3. From the mouth, where does the chewed
food go?
4. Describe the movement of the water as you
shook the jar.
5. What muscle movement is similar to the
shaking you had done?
6. What happens to the food in the stomach
32. Activity 4: Know Me Fully!
Direction: Identify the organs for digestion and its
function.
ORGANS FOR DIGESTION FUNCTION
1.
2.
3.
36. Activity 6. Let’s Do the Loop
Which organ belongs to the Digestive System?
Encircle them.
axon stomach cartilage
nails tendon mouth
esophagus ligaments nerves
bones anus ventricles
pancreas atrium smooth
muscle
39. At this point, you have mastered
the concept shown in every
activity. So, what are you
waiting for? You almost there.
Answer the activity.
40. Activity 9
Make a model of the Digestive System
Materials Needed: Clay and Bond Paper
Procedure:
1. Using different colours of clay try to roll and
assemble it with the different organ of digestive
system and arrange it in bond paper like the one
below and label its part.
41.
42. The learners, in their notebook,
journal, or portfolio will write their
personal insights about the lesson
using the prompts below.
I understand that ___________.
I realize that ______________.
