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Interactions in the ecosystem
- 2. The Philippines has some of the most diverse coral reefs in the world. Coral reefs are natural structures that form from the layers of skeletons of corals, which are microscopic animals that secrete lime. The lime that corals secrete forms cavities within which they anchor themselves.
- 3. When they die, they leave behind their lime skeletons and the layer piles up as more corals live and die. It takes about five years for a coral reef to grow an inch. Coral reefs house a great number of marine species. Most fishes, seaweed, mollusks, and other organisms use coral reefs as their habitats.
- 4. Have you ever visited a place where mangroves grow? How will you describe this ecosystem?
- 6. What was your score? If you got all the answers correct, congratulations! It shows that you have a wide range of knowledge when it comes to our topic. You may still review this topic and learn new things ahead.
- 7. If you didn’t get a high score, no worries. This module will help you learn more the concept that you may eventually use in your daily life. Study carefully this topic and you will be able to answer all the questions in the activities that lie ahead. Are you ready?
- 8. Mangrove ecosystems are located in brackish (salty and muddy) water. Their biotic components include the woody tree species and the plants and animals that interact with these trees. Mangroves provide food and shelter to various marine organisms.
- 9. The root system of these trees is unique in that the roots are able to get oxygen from the air above the water. They form an umbrella-like structure that serves as shelter for aquatic life- forms. There are different mangrove species and these trees provide a natural barrier against storms, soil erosion, and pollution.
- 10. Mangroves are trees that grow along the coast. They are found usually in shallow waters along the mouths of bays, lagoons and rivers. Mangrove roots form a breeding grounds or nurseries for many fishes and marine living things. The intertwined roots protect the larvae and young animals from predators and act as a home to rich communities of marine invertebrates and algae.
- 11. Mangroves begin the food chain by transforming sunlight into energy and food that support microorganisms that in turn support larger and larger animals. Leaves that fall in the water are broken up crabs and snails and in turn provide nutrients for other life forms. (mutualism)
- 12. A mutualism is the relationship in which both species benefit. A mutualism in a mangrove is lichen growing on a mangrove tree. Lichen is made up of fungus and algae. The fungus gets food from the photosynthesizing algae and the algae gets a place to live.
- 13. Parasitism is a relationship that involves one organism living with, on, or inside another organism and harming it. An example of parasitism is mistletoe growing on a mangrove tree. The mistletoe grows into the tree bark and takes some of the food from the mangrove tree. The mangrove tree loses some of its food and is therefore harmed
- 14. A commensalism is a relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed. A commensalism in a mangrove is an oyster and a mangrove pneumatophore. The oyster has a solid base to live and the mangrove is not harmed.
- 15. A competition is the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources. A competition in a mangrove is the flamingo and the jabiru. They both eat fish, crab, and mollusk.
- 16. A predator is an organism that does the killing. A prey is an organism that is killed. A predator in a mangrove is saltwater crocodile, jabiru, flamingo, and sea snake. A prey in a mangrove is crustaceans, fish, turtles, snakes, lizards, birds, and mollusks.
- 18. ACTIVITY 3 Directions: Based on the picture below. Connect a food chain happened in mangrove. Write a short narrative explaining your answer. (PICTURE IN THE NEXT SLIDE)
- 20. ACTIVITY 4 GUIDE: SLOGAN MAKING Directions: Make a slogan or poster showing ways to help conserve and protect the environment. Post your activity in your house.
- 21. ACTIVITY 5: TRUE OR FALSE https://docs.google.com/forms/d /e/1FAIpQLSfeA9HEcldjl9aJdrg LNGQ- sj2EwOaA8lbxvwSoECjyG9pV NQ/viewform?usp=sf_link
- 22. ACTIVITY 6: Directions: Based on the picture. Discuss the importance of mangrove in ecosystem. (See picture in the next slide)
- 24. ACTIVITY 7: SING A SONG After teaching about mangrove trees, try incorporating singing and movement to help your students remember the importance of the mangrove trees! Have your students form a circle as you lead the song below (to the tune of “Old MacDonald”).
- 25. Have the kids make the movements that go along with each of the animals. Pelicans live in the mangrove trees, e-i-e-i-o They build their nests among the leaves, e- i-e-i-o With a flap-flap here and a flap-flap there, Here a flap, there at flap, everywhere a flap- flap.
- 26. Pelicans live in the mangrove trees, They build their nests among the leaves, e-i-e-i-o With a flap-flap here and a flap-flap there, Here a flap, there at flap, everywhere a flap-flap. Pelicans live in the mangrove trees,
- 27. Rat snakes prowl the branches high, e-i-e-i-o They gulp down eggs and birds they spy, e-i-e-i-o With a gulp-gulp here and a gulp- gulp there, etc.
- 28. Mangrove Crabs crawl in the mangrove trees, e-i-e-i-o They snip off bits of mangrove leaves, e-i-e-i-o With a pinch-pinch here and a pinch-pinch there, etc.
- 29. Alligators live in the mangrove swamps, e-i-e-i-o they catch their prey with a mighty chomp, e-i-e-i-o With a chomp-chomp here and a chomp-chomp there, etc.
- 30. Oysters cling to the roots below, e-i-e-i-o They filter out their food, you know, e-i-e-i-o With a slurp-slurp here and a slurp-slurp there, etc.
- 31. Actions: Pelicans - Flap arms Rat Snakes - Arms to sides &wiggle body Mangrove Tree Crabs - Make pinchers with hands Alligators - Arms out straight in front and clap Oysters - Keep heels of hands together as rest of hands open and close
- 32. ACTIVITY 8: INTERACTION IN A MANGROVE SWAMP IN THE COMMUNITY Problem: How do biotic components interact with abiotic components in a mangrove swamp ecosystem? What you need: • Fish bowl/ any kind of basin • Sand or mud • Brackish water • Fish, algae, snail
- 33. WHAT YOU NEED TO DO: 1. Prepare the materials. Wash the fishbowl 2. Place the sand in the fishbowl. Add brackish water in the fishbowl. One liter of water for every one small fish. 3. Place the algae and fish in the fishbowl. 4. Observe how the fish interact inside the aquarium. (Do not feed the fish with fish food, the fish will eat the plants in the fishbowl) 5. Conduct observation for three days. Record your answer in the table.
- 34. Components Day1 Day2 Day3 Fish Algae water
- 35. QUESTIONS: 1.How do the fish react with other fish in the aquarium? 2.What do algae provide for the fish? 3.How do abiotic components help biotic components survive?
- 37. The learners, in their notebook, journal, or portfolio will write their personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below. I understand that ___________. I realize that ______________.