Practical Git at work and open source
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Git is a version control system created by Linus Torvalds for open source collaboration. It allows contributors to work independently without a central server by using a content-addressable filesystem and distributed repositories. The document discusses various Git commands like clone, fork, merge, rebase, and remote that help manage branches and integrate changes in a distributed workflow. It also notes how most users interact with Git through hosted services like GitHub rather than directly.
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Practical Git at work and open source
- 1. Practical Git at work and open source Chris Gomez @SpaceShot www.chrisgomez.com Slide deck: http://bit.ly/phlcc16_git
- 2. Chris Gomez • Microsoft MVP in Visual Studio Tools and Technologies • Co-host of the Static Void Podcast www.staticvoidpodcast.com • Philly Game Works - www.phillygameworks.org - @phillygameworks
- 3. Git • Created by Linus Torvalds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8
- 4. Goals • Suitable for Open Source collaboration • No central server, lack of connectivity to contributors • Don’t want to have to know and trust all the contributors • Intended for Linus to have a “web of trust” in dealing with Linux • Something that is not CVS or SVN • Intense dislike of CVS and SVN • Top complaint seems to be “intelligent merging” • Also complaint that merge pain often fell on a victim rather than perpetrator
- 5. It’s just a Directed Acyclic Graph! • A very complicated way of saying something very simple:
- 7. Exploring the git filesystem • Content-Addressable filesystem • Objects are stored as blobs and identified by a hash of the content (plus a tiny amount of header data) • Labels are placed somewhere else to link up our filenames
- 8. Git repositories SpaceShot/SignalR-BoardGame (on GitHub)* * This could also be Visual Studio Team Services, BitBucket, your company’s git server, or any git repo on another server you have access to.
- 10. Git clone SpaceShot/ SignalR- BoardGame C:Source SignalR- BoardGame Each is a fully independent repository
- 11. “Fork” SpaceShot/ SignalR- BoardGame Copies in the cloud (or your server) phlgameworks/ SignalR- BoardGame Each is a fully independent repository
- 12. “Fork” • Is Fork a Git concept? • GitHub / Bitbucket / Gitlab concept (and others) • Not in Visual Studio Team Services • Can be simulated with git commands, if necessary. • Why fork? • Isolation of work • Freedom to experiment and commit • Not just with source control
- 13. Git remotes SpaceShot/ SignalR- BoardGame C:Source SignalR- BoardGame Lightweight link to source feature Remotes
- 14. git merge – putting two branches together C1 C2 C3 C5C4 C6 C7 master feature Merge commit with two parents master
- 15. git rebase (onto a branch) – when the world moved on… C1 C2 C3 C5C4 C6 C7 master feature
- 16. git rebase (onto a branch) – time travel your work C1 C2 C3C5C4 C6C7 master feature
- 17. git rebase interactive – Why? C1 C2 C3 C5C4 C6 C7 master feature
- 18. git rebase interactive – rewrite history C1 C2 C3/C4 squashed C6 better commit message C7 master feature C5 was dumped. Can rewrite commits Squash commits Pick commits
- 19. Other commands • Remove commits: git reset --hard HEAD~X • Change last commit message: git commit --amend • Track a branch: git remote add --track <branch> <remote nickname> <remote address> • Git branch from a commit: git checkout –b <newbranch> <commit> • Git cherry pick: git cherry-pick <commit>
- 20. So advanced! • git filter-branch: example: git filter-branch --tree-filter 'rm filename' HEAD https://git-scm.com/docs/git-filter-branch
- 21. But how are you really going to use Git? • You are probably going to use… a central server! • You might use GitHub, BitBucket, Visual Studio Team Services in the cloud (among others) • You might use TFS on premises, GitLab, GitHub Enterprise, BitBucket Enterprise Wait, doesn’t this just make it SVN, CVS, TFS, VSS all over again?!?!
- 22. To the Cloud!...
- 23. libgit2 • A reimplementation of Git in C with many bindings: • C#, Python, Ruby, Java • “re-entrant linkable library with a solid API” • This means it’s okay to use it in your application. It is respectful of system resources and tries to keep from bringing down your application https://libgit2.github.com/
- 25. Git Man Page Generator (Fun) • https://git-man-page-generator.lokaltog.net/ • Please note this is not real git documentation, but a joke about Git documentation.
Notas do Editor
- This is a directed acyclic graph. Ignore the branch pointers (in orange). It’s a graph of objects, which is just a set of nodes that are connected. It is directed, because the arrows indicate there is a direction to the nodes (in Git’s case, the parent nodes), and it is acyclic because you don’t end up with nodes that are pointed back to themselves. That’s why it’s often represented as a flowing line with forks that usually jut out and come back.