2. CELL NOTESOrganisms - living creatures. Any life form
that can survive on its own.
Organ systems - made up of organs - work
together to make an organism function.
Example: digestive system
Organs - made up of tissues - work together
to make organ systems function.
Example: stomach made of muscle tissue
and skin tissue
3. Tissues - made up of cells - work together to
make organs function. Example: skin tissue
made up of different kinds of skin cells.
Cells are microscopic - too small to be seen without
a microscope.
Every living thing has at least one cell.
Humans are made of almost 100 trillion cells.
If a single cell can live on its own, it is called a
unicellular organism.
4. Humans are multicellular organisms.
Cell Theory:
1. Every living thing is made up of one or
more cells.
2. The cell is the smallest, most basic unit
of life in all living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
5. Prokaryotic Cells
• Cells that do not
have a nucleus
• Another name for
prokaryotic cells is
Bacteria
• ONLY unicellular –
never multicelluar
Yes, draw this and label it
6. Eukaryotic Cells
• Cells that DO have a
nucleus
• Most eukaryotic cells
belong to multicellular
organisms
• There are some
unicellular eukaryotes
(amoeba, euglena,
paramecium)
Click here to watch a video of how to
draw this...
Yes, draw this!
7. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
No Nucleus Nucleus
No Membrane – covered
Organelles
Membrane – covered
Organelles
Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line)
Bacteria
100 x smaller than
eukaryotes
All other cells
100 x bigger than
prokaryotes
10. CELL MEMBRANE
• Keeps good stuff in (nutrients, water), and bad stuff out (waste,
toxins, viruses, bacteria).
• Made from lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
no, you
don’t
have to
draw
this
picture
14. Cell Membrane
Honors students – it’s framed in yellow – so yes – I want you
to draw it (and label it). Traditional 7th grade students – you
can draw and label it too – but it’s optional – you don’t have to.
15. Cell Wall
• Hard Wall made of
cellulose.
• Rigid & Stiff
• Provides strength &
support to cell
• Only in plant and bacteria
cells.
• Small holes, called
plasmodesmata, allow
transfer of nutrients,
waste, and water.
16. • Is the control center of the cell
• Stores information (DNA) on how to run the cell and
build new structures.
• Largest Organelle in the cell
No, don’t copy this picture
NUCLEUS
17. • Machine that reads RNA strand and builds proteins
by assembling amino acids.
• Proteins are the building blocks for all structures
built in the cell.
• Ribosomes are also called“Protein Factories”
• Ribosomes are the smallest organelles in the
cell
No, don’t copy this picture
Yes, copy this picture
19. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Smooth E.R. breaks down toxins, and makes lipids which
are used for membranes. Doesn’t have ribosomes.
• Rough E.R. has ribosomes, and packages proteins for
release from the cell.
• Rough E.R. is an “Assembly line” that constructs &
transports proteins
No, don’t copy this picture, but copy this one!
21. Model of how proteins are made and shipped out of the cell.
Rough
E.R. Exocytosis
(cell burps
out proteins)
Nuclear pore
Ribosome
Secretor
y vesicle
Cell membrane
Expelled protein
Nucleus
Golgi
Transpor
t Vesicle
with
proteins
insideProteins
Smooth
E.R.
23. MITOCHONDRIA
• The Powerhouse of the cell
• Uses oxygen and food (glucose) to make ATP
• ATP = energy (Adenosine triphosphate)
• Cellular respiration happens here.
No, don’t copy this picture Yes, draw this picture
One mitochondrion
25. ATP SYNTHASE – hundreds of these machines in each mitochondrion CLICK FOR LINK
CLICK FOR A
VIDEO – It’s cool –
I promise!
26. • Make food using the energy from the sun.
• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6 (glucose)
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
ChloroplastsLook! A
chloroplast!
Inner &
Outer
Membranes
Thylakoids
Lamellae
Stroma
No, you don’t have to draw these...
27. Chloroplasts
• Make food using the energy from the sun.
• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6 (glucose)
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Yes, you get to draw this. Honors, label it please.
Honors – it’s yellow.
Draw and label this
one too.
28. • Processes & transports materials out of the cell.
• Places a new coating of lipid membrane on the materials.
• “Packaging center” of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Yes, draw thisDon’t draw
29. • Stores water, minerals & other fluids.
• Only found in plant cells – animal cells have tiny ones.
Central
Vacuole
Don’t draw
this – you
already
drew a
central
vacuole in
cell notes
#1
37. • Future test questions.... answer in complete
sentences.
• What are organelles?
• What are three differences between plant
cells and animal cells?
• What are four differences between eukaryotic
cells and prokaryotic cells?
