integrated nutrient management in agriculture soil science

2. Presented by,
Chandrahas Sahu
M.Sc (Ag)
1stYear 1st Sem. Deptt. of Agronomy
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAIPUR

3. INTRODUCTION
•Integrated nutrient management (INM) is not a new concept. It is an age-old
practice when almost all the nutrient needs were met through organic sources to
supply secondary and micronutrients besides primary nutrients.
•In scientific literature, a few terminology variants like integrated plant nutrient
supply (IPNS) and integrated nutrient supply and management (INSAM) are also
used to convey almost similar meaning as that of INM.

4. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers, increased the crop yield during initial stage,
but adversely affected the sustainability at a later stage. Indiscriminate use of
chemical fertilizers especially, urea resulted in deficiency of nutrients other than the
applied and caused decline in soil organic Carbon. Hence, judicious application of
chemical fertilizers along with manures (organic matter) would help to improve
yield.

5. By FAO :- ‘The aim of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is to integrate the
use of natural and man-made soil nutrients to increase crop productivity and
preserve soil productivity for future generations.’
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and
of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity
through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and
biological components in an integrated manner.

6. • To maintain or enhance soil productivity through balanced use of mineral
fertilizers with organic and biological sources of plant nutrient.
• To improve the stock of plant nutrients in the soil.
• To improve the efficiency of plant nutrient, thus limiting losses to
environment.
• To improve physical, chemical and biological conditions of soil.

8. Fertilizers
Fertilizers continued to be the most important ingredient of INM. The dependence
on fertilizers has been increasing constantly because of the need to supply large
amounts of nutrients in intensive cropping with high productivity.
Legumes
Legumes have a long-standing history of being soil fertility restorers due to their
ability to obtain N from the atmosphere in symbiosis with Rhizobiam. Legumes
could prove an important ingredient of INM when grown for grain or fodder in a
cropping system, or when introduced for green manuring.

9. Crop residue
There are large amounts of residues of other crops like, potato, sugarcane, vegetables, etc.,
which are practically wasted in most cases. Although cereal crop residues are valuable
cattle-feed, these could be used to supplement the fertilizers wherever available in excess
of the local needs.
Organic Manures
Organic manures like urban compost, FYM, crop residues, human excreta, city refuse,
rural compost, sewage sludge, Compost and FYM have traditionally been the important
manures for maintaining soil fertility and ensuring yield stability. Other potential organic
sources of nutrients such as non-edible oilcakes .

10. Industrial waste:
wastes from food processing industry, pressmud and other agro-industrial wastes have
large nutrient potential.
Green manuring
growing and incorporating of leguminous plant or leaves in field is knows as green
manuring.
It is mainly two types:
1.In situ green manuring
2.Ex-situ green manuring

12. Bio-fertilizers
•Biofertilisers are the materials containing living or latent cells of agriculturally beneficial
microorganisms that play an important role in improving soil fertility and crop productivity
due to their capability to fix atmospheric N, solublize/mobilize P and decompose farm waste
resulting in the release of plant nutrients.
•Bacterial cultures like Rhizobium, Azospirillium and Azotobacter have the ability to fix
atmospheric N which in turn increase N supply to the crops.
•Bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas and Bacillus species and fungal culture of Aspergillus
species help to convert insoluble P into plant usable forms and thus improve phosphate
availability to the crops.

13. •Similarly, fungi like Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) increase nutrient uptake
particularly that of P due to increased contact of roots with larger soil volume.
• BGA is effectively fix atmospheric nitrogen. It is mainly used in rice crop.
RhizobiumAzotobactor

14. Surface Drainage system

15. • Multiple nutrient deficiencies.
• Inorganic sources insufficient for nutritional needs of high yielding varieties.
• Optimal use of available nutrient sources( crop residues cow dung, green manuring
crops etc.)
• Promote sustainable agriculture.

16. • Imbalance in the ratio of NPK consumption.
• Deterioration of soil health.
• Pollution hazards of chemical fertilizers.
• Deterioration in biological activity.

17. 1. Enhances the availability of applied as well as native soil nutrients. Minimum .
. fixation an maximization of nutrients.
2.Synchronizes the nutrient demand of the crop with nutrient supply from native and
applied sources.
3.Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the antagonistic effects resulting
from hidden deficiencies and nutrient imbalance.

18. 4. Minimizes the deterioration soil, water and ecosystem by promoting
sequestration , reducing nutrient losses to ground and surface water bodies and
to atmosphere .
5. Maximize the activity of micro-organism of soil.
6. Reduce the cost of nutrient management, because INM reduce the rate of
inorganic fertilizer application.

19. • Financial credit is available only for mineral fertilizer.
• No organized credit system to promote organic fertilizer.
• Farmers who have domesticated animals, do not have facilities to collect, store
and market their animal waste.
• Low awareness about using bio-fertilizers.
• Non sufficient availability of water.

20. 1. Chemical fertilizers are easily available and easy to use.
2. Organic manure is not available in own holdings most of time.
3. Storage and retail marketing of organic manure is limited, is not easily accessible
to most farmers.
4. Scarcity of labor.

21. •INM is a practice which optimizes the performance of plant through
augmentations of chemical and biological properties of soil.
•Effective utilization of a combination of bio fertilizers, organic and
inorganic fertilizers not only improves and maintains the soil fertility but
also increased germination parameters, growth and quality parameters of
seedlings in nursery and plantation.