This presentation was held by Arame Tall, scientist at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), during a live streamed session discussing who has the right to climate adaptation. View the live streamed session here: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/videostream

1. CCAFS Science seminar- “Who has a right to climate information adaptation? Social Differentiation in Promoting Climate Resilience”
– Copenhagen, February 18, 2013
WHO GETS THE INFORMATION?
Equity Considerations in the Design of
Climate Services for Farmers
Dr. Arame Tall
Climate Information Services- Scientist, Champion
a.tall@cgiar.org

2. Why do African farmers need
2 • 3/21/11
Climate Services?
Climate information
as critical input to
farm-level adaptation
and climate risk
management,
by empowering
farmers to anticipate
and manage climate-
related risks

3. Within vulnerable Communities,
WHO GETS THE INFORMATION?

4. Our Investigation takes us
4 • 3/21/11
to Kaffrine, Senegal
(Agricultural zone)
3 target vulnerable
villages 2011-2012:
 Malem Thierin
 Dioly Mandah
 Fass Thieeken
CCAFS Research site of Kaffrine, arid center Senegal, where
principle of Co-Producing Climate Services was experimented
4

5. 5 • 3/21/11
Method: Participatory Action
Research (PAR)
Step 2: Participatory Project Design &
Step 1: Evaluating Action Plan Validation
Community Adaptation
Needs
 Identification of gender differentiated vulnerabilities and capacities in
the community to confront climate-related shocks
 Community definition of priority adaptation needs/gaps, above and
beyond local capacity to cope
⇒ Across 3 communities, Priority need: Support Community EW>EA,
provision of climate services and early warnings

6. 6 • 3/21/11 3:
Step EW>EA Workshop
Dialogue between Forecasters and
Vulnerable communities
 3-day workshop bringing Step 4: Communication of tailored
together national/regional climate suite of seemless forecast products
scientists and farmers/CBOs, to • Production & communication of
understand and address downscaled multi-hazard climate
information needs and weather early warnings for
 2-way training and exchange of Kaffrine farmers, with non
knowledge: targeting of women in season 1,
1. Probabilistic nature of climate and pro-active targeting in
forecasts: limits & Uncertainty season 2:
inherent in climate forecasting • Seasonal outlook
2. Farmers’ climate information
gaps, thresholds, packaging • Mid-range weather forecast
needs (dekadal
• Short-term weather forecasts
(72h-48h-24h-3h)
• SMS based communication

7. Interaction & 2-way Dialogue
7 • 3/21/11
Key to Co-production
The shorter the
Innovative tools to
time range, communicate
the more forecasting
precise the uncertainty
- Didactic Games
forecast Credit: Dr. Mariane
Diop-Kane, ANACIM
⇒ Bringing forecasters and farmers to work together to put climate
at the service communities at risk from climate-related risks
Credit: Red
Cross/PetLab
Malem
Djoly
Fass

8. 8 • 3/21/11 Finding 1:
Gender-differential in CC
Vulnerability and Capacities
Significant gender driver of CC vulnerability:
 Different roles: Women primarily
responsible for family care, cooking
and house chores, collecting water,
fodder and firewood, & Farming
 Rainy season hard labor for both
men and women
 With CC, drudgery resulting from
harsher farming conditions >
dwindling incomes for family care
 Limited control of means of
production (dependence): Men
control factors of production (cart,
horse/donkeys, government seeds
and cash from sales)
 Hightened exposure to shortfalls of
early season cessation (cessation
forecast particularly needed)
Emaciated Woman during Rainy season 2011 in Malem.
Credit: A. Tall

9. 9 • 3/21/11
Finding 1 (cont’d)
Snapshot of
Gendered
Nature of CC
Vulnerability
and Coping
in Dioly
village,
Kaffrine

10. Gender as Interactive,
10 • 3/21/11
Cross-Cutting
Intersecting
factors place
rural women
at greater
risk from
climate-
related
A GENDER TRAP? changes
ENTRENCHING WOMEN’S
VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE
CHANGE?
10

11. 11 • 3/21/11
Finding 2: Leveraging the power of
ICTs to reach the most vulnerable
 SMS in local language
 Rural radio
 Forecast bulletin boards, in
strategic village locations
 At mosque
 At water fountains/boreholes
(for women)
 Through boundary
organizations & community
relays (Red cross, WV) Photo: Farmer in Ouelessebougou village, happy
beneficiary of Mali’s 30year old Agromet advisory
program. Credit: A. Tall

12. 12 • 3/21/11 Finding 3:
Place Specificity of
Adaptation Needs
• Different Cultural norms and socialization from village to village
Women Focus Group participants in 12
Fass Thieken vs. Dioly. Credit: A. Tall

13. Finding 5: Gender blindspot
13 • 3/21/11
in NAPAs
Senegal’s NAPA, 2006:
84-page document
identifying the country’s
most urgent and priority
needs for adaptation
and evaluating key
sectors of vulnerability
in the face of climate
change
13

14. Giving Women an Effective
14 • 3/21/11
Voice in the Design of
Climate information Services
> Mission Possible
• Opening Spaces for iterative
dialogue, interaction and Co-
production of climate
service
• PAR > key to success
– involving communities (community
diaries of local CC impacts)
– Capturing local innovation (forecast
bulletin boards, SMS language)
• Preliminary Results of Kaffrine
end project assessment
– Increase in access, from handful in
2011 to 100% by 2012
– Demonstrated Usefulness of Soxna Ndao, Dioly village, stating: ‘We women, need information
received information, for all products on when the rainy season will stop, as men plant for us later in
across timescales the season. Credit: A. Tall
– Added value to traditional forecasts

15. Women as agents
15 • 3/21/11
of transformation?
• To be determined in Phase-II of PAR :
– Have women been empowered by sustained
access and use of climate services?
– Behavioral changes
– Will hypothesis be verified: When women are
targeted by climate information service programs,
impact on the community at large is greater vs.
when they are not targeted ?
• Need for more Applied Research to make the case for
Gender responsive CC National Adaptation Policies

16. 16 • 3/21/11
What next?
• Assess Value of targeting women in CS
interventions
• Keeping equity considerations in mind in
design of future climate service projects:
– What- Type of information (cessation)
– How- Salient communication channels to
reach women and underserved groups
– When- Alert timings and thresholds
16

17. 17 • 3/21/11
We can serve as Links between
Information and Action
 EVERYONE
HAS A ROLE
TO PLAY
Courtesy: Meaghan Daly

18. Needed partnerships to put
18 • 3/21/11
climate science at the service of
the most vulnerable
National Agricultural Research and Extension Service Community-Based
National Hydro-
Organizations
Meteorological Services
Focus on vulnerable communities,
and needs of the most vulnerable
Global / Regional Climate Providers Donors and Partners
Community Radios

19. 19 • 3/21/11
CCAFS on a Mission>
Reaching Rural Women with
Climate Services at Scale
• Examples surveyed by CCAFS prove
that it is today Mission Possible to reach
millions of smallholder farmers with
salient and downscaled climate
information and advisory services
relevant to support their decision-
making under an uncertain climate.
• CCAFS intent to Scale Up this approach
in 2013-15 for many other farmers,
including rural women, to have access
and benefit from available climate
information and advisory services.
• The time is Right for Climate
Services.
Photo: Rural Woman, Mozambique, fleeing her home
For more information, contact: after flooding.
Arame Tall, a.tall@cgiar.org