How do countries plan climate change adaptation in Agriculture? A side event presented at UNFCCC COP19 in Warsaw, 15 November 2013 by CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners. More at http://ccafs.cgiar.org

1. CCAFS
SIDE
EVENT:
Agriculture
in
Na7onal
Adapta7on
Plans:
Experiences
and
Lessons
Learned
www.ccafs.cgiar.org

2. Planning climate adaptation in agriculture:
Meta-synthesis of national adaptation plans
in West and East Africa and South Asia
Gabrielle Kissinger, Donna Lee, Victor Orindi
Presentation: Gabrielle Kissinger, Lexeme Consulting
National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and agriculture:
Experiences and Lesson’s learned
CGIAR CCAFS
15 November 2013, Warsaw, Poland

3. 1 Policy overview
• Na7onal
Adapta7on
Plans
(NAPs)
established
in
2010
by
the
UNFCCC
to
help
facilitate
effecAve
medium-­‐
and
long-­‐term
adaptaAon
planning
and
implementaAon
in
developing
countries,
in
parAcular
Least
Developed
Countries
(LDCs)
(FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1)
• AdaptaAon
CommiNee
est.
under
Cancun
AdaptaAon
Framework
promote
the
implementaAon
of
enhanced
acAon
on
adaptaAon.
Special
aNenAon
paid
to
facilitaAon
of
NAPs
by
non-­‐LDC
developing
country
ParAes.
Will
contribute
to,
and
not
duplicate
work
of
the
Least
Developed
Countries
Expert
Group
(LEG)
to
support
LDC
naAonal
adaptaAon
plan
processes
and
the
Subsidiary
Body
for
ImplementaAon
(SBI)
on
the
work
programme
concerning
loss
and
damage.
• LEG
Technical
Guidelines
for
NAPs.

4. NAPAs and NAPs
Source:
Kissinger,
G.
and
T.
Namgyel,
2013.
NAPAs
and
NAPS
in
Least
Developed
Countries.
IIED
LDC
Paper
Series.

5. NAPAs and NAPs
COP
17
in
Durban
defined
NAP
process
objecAves
(FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1):
(a)
“reduce
vulnerability
to
the
impacts
of
climate
change,
by
building
adapAve
capacity
and
resilience,”
and
(b)
”
facilitate
integraAon
of
climate
change
adaptaAon,
in
a
coherent
manner,
into
relevant
new
and
exisAng
policies,
programmes
and
acAviAes,
in
parAcular
development
planning
processes
and
strategies,
within
all
relevant
sectors
and
at
different
levels,
as
appropriate”.
…And
recognised
that
adaptaAon
planning
will
be
“conAnuous,
progressive
and
iteraAve.”

6. NAPAs and NAPs
NAPA
Simplified
and
direct
channels
of
communicaAon
for
informaAon
relaAng
to
the
urgent
and
immediate
adaptaAon
needs
of
the
LDCs
NAP
• To
build
upon
NAPAs,
to
medium-­‐
and
long-­‐term
adaptaAon
needs
+
strategies
programmes
to
address
them.
• Reduce
vulnerability,
build
adapAve
capacity
and
resilience,
conAnuous,
progressive
and
iteraAve
process.
• Facilitate
integraAon
of
climate
change
adaptaAon
into
relevant
new
and
exisAng
policies,
programmes
and
acAviAes,
in
parAcular
development
planning
processes
and
strategies,
within
all
relevant
sectors
and
at
different
levels,
as
appropriate.

7. Countries
reviewed
Country
Adaptat
East Africa
Ethiopia
NAPA, C
Kenya
National
Tanzania
NAPA, N
Uganda
NAPA
West Africa
Burkina Faso
NAPA
Ghana
National
Mali
NAPA
Niger
NAPA
Senegal
NAPA +
South Asia
Bangladesh
NAPA +
India
National
Nepal
NAPA

8. Analytical framework
Risk assessment
and ranking
Design of strategy and
measures
Implementation
Impacts and
vulnerabilities assessed
Identify and/or create
institutional structures
Development of
concrete plan
Prioritization of activities
Distribution of
responsibilities
Tools:
Ranking of risk
Tools:
Integration with
development objectives
Identification of needs
Stakeholder consultation
Identify conflict and
synergies
Definition of a
timeline
Application of M&E
system
Stakeholder engagement
Funding and capacity building
Figure 1. Analytical framework: National adaptation planning processes.
Political
economy
context:
Downward
accountability
for planning and
implementation
information sharing
Adaptive
institutions
strengthening
between
government, civil
society, research
and private sector
actors

9. Risk
assessment
and
ranking
Priori.za.on
and
ranking
of
risk:
Most
countries
reviewed
apply
criteria
to
rank
climate
risk,
though
oben
do
not
make
clear
how
assessment
of
these
elements
affect
prioriAzaAon
of
adaptaAon
acAons.
Ø Level
of
confidence
in
assessing
risks
Ø ConnecAon
between
climate
risk
ranking
criteria
and
evaluaAng
responses
to
risks
Ø Vagueness
in
how
conflicAng
vulnerability
assessment
results
are
resolved
in
the
prioriAzaAon
of
response
opAons
(e.g.
Niger
rainfall)
Ø Use
analyAcal
(e.g.
crop
models)
and
process
elements
(e.g.
expert
group
and
stakeholder
consultaAon
in
risk
assessment)
Ø Difficult
to
account
for
the
changing
socioeconomic
status
of
populaAons
in
emerging
economies,
increased
urbanizaAon,
and
other
complex
factors
to
project
and
model
20-­‐100
yrs
out.

10. Strategy
design/implementaAon
IntegraAon
with
development
and
agric
sector
plans
• Structural
and
insAtuAonal
issues:
Agency
mandates,
capacity,
• Integrated
adaptaAon
assessments
and
integrated
acAon
plans
• How
to
strategically
place
adaptaAon
prioriAes
within
the
broader
naAonal
policy
framework?
• Align
and
mainstream
into
naAonal
development
or
sector
plans
…and
leverage
donor
funds
for
‘addiAonal’

11. Adaptation plan implementation and
funding
Implementation
• ImplementaAon
funding:
from?
Political
economy
• Timeline
for
implementaAon
of
acAviAes,
context:
including
review
Development of
concrete plan
Distribution of
responsibilities
Identify conflict and
synergies
Definition of a
timeline
Application of M&E
system
Stakeholder engagement
Downward
• IteraAvely
assess
conflicts
and
synergies
accountability
with
naAonal
development
or
sectoral
for planning and
implementation
plans
• information sharingonitoring
and
evaluaAon
(M&E)
Engage
m
system
early:
iniAal
focus
on
process
Adaptive
elements
not
outcomes…occur
at
all
scales
institutions
and
involve
stakeholders.
strengthening
between
government, civil
society, research
and private sector

12. NAP finance
GEF
Council
support
for
NAP
processes
through
LDCF
and
SCCF
Planning
Prepatory
acAviAes
ImplementaAon*
*
GEF
Council
support
for
these
acAviAes
unclear
at
this
Ame

13. NAP Finance:
Green
Climate
Fund:
• Direct
and
enhanced
direct
access
are
potenAal
opAons
under
GCF:
lower
transacAon
costs
+
downward
financial
accountability.
• GDF
access
modaliAes
in
process.
DomesAc
Sources
• Can
decrease
dependency
on
fickle
donor
finance,
but
sAll
benefit
from
bilateral
funding
arrangements

14. ation
nt of
lan
Political
economy
context:
Downward
accountability
n of
ties
for planning and
implementation
ct and
s
information sharing
fa
Adaptive
institutions
M&E
agement
strengthening
between
government, civil
society, research
and private sector
actors
Stakeholder
engagement
Capacity
building

15. National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and
agriculture: A learning workshop

16. Key agencies to facilitate NAP integration
and cross-sector planning
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17. NAP Barriers
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18. Thank you!
Gabrielle Kissinger
Principal, Lexeme Consulting
gabrielle@lexemeconsulting.com

19. KENYA: Agriculture in
National Adaptation Planning
COP 19 Side Event
The National Stadium - Cracow Room, Warsaw - Poland
S M King’uyu
Climate Change Secretariat
Ministry of Environment, Water & Natural Resources, Kenya
stephen.kinguyu@gmail.com/www.kccap.info

20. Country status
• Agriculture Sector Development Strategy (ASDS) recognises the
threat of climate change and the need to adapt.
• National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) and National
Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) prepared through a
comprehensive and inclusive process.
• Main NCCAP deliverable = national low carbon climate resilient development pathway that integrates
adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development.
• Prioritisation of adaptation actions.
• Upgrading of adaptation actions in NCCAP into a NAP in progress.
• Some adaptation actions already synthesised and costed.
• Costing of remainder of actions to be undertaken.
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
20

21. Barriers and successes: SWOT
STRENGTHS
• Experience gained from NCCAP process.
• Broad adaptation actions identified.
• Dedicated TWG.
• Appointment by institutions: Sectoral
ownership?
• Technical diversity of team.
• Representation from across the different
stakeholder categories.
Ø Stakeholder ownership.
• Tested approach to costing.
• Adaptation actions mainstreamed into MTP.
WEAKNESSES
• No
NAPA
experience.
• Do
all
have
the
requisite
experience.
Ø How
to
deal
with
appointees
without
drive?
• Is
representaAon
inclusive
enough?
• Funding
the
implementaAon?
• Baseline
data/info?
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
OPPORTUNITIES
• Learning from past mistakes/ experiences.
Ø Examples of best practice and building on
synergy.
• Some demonstrable interest from
development partners.
• New governance dispensation - heating
the iron while hot?
Ø Further mainstreaming into planning at all
levels of governance.
Ø County integrated development plans.
• Political goodwill.
THREATS
• Stakeholders
who
desire
to
accomplish
too
fast?
• Does
the
end
jusAfy
the
means?
Ø Which
is
more
important
than
the
other
-­‐
the
end
or
the
means?
• Who
represents
who?
21

22. Mul7-­‐stakeholder
approach
Mwananchi
Development
Partners
NCCAP
Media
CSOs
Private
Sector
Academia
GoK
§ Stakeholders
are:
Ø Like
fish:
You
catch
them
at
their
own
terms,
not
on
the
fisher’s
terms!
Ø Like
eggs:
You
handle
them
with
care!
We
must
speak
their
language!
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
22

23. Integrated/Mul7-­‐sectoral
approach
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
23

24. Examples
from
MTP
2013-­‐2017
•
Foundations of the Economy and Society: . . . a strategy is in place for
modernizing energy infrastructure network, increasing the share of
energy generated from renewable energy sources, and providing energy
that is affordable and reliable to businesses and homes. This will ensure
that our energy supply is adequate and efficient in order to support
increased use in manufacturing, agriculture, services, public facilities and
households.
•
Agriculture & Livestock: The MTP will give top priority to increased
acreage under in irrigation in order to reduce the country’s dependence on
rain fed agriculture. A total of 404,800 hectares will be put under irrigation.
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
24

25. Examples
from
MTP
2013-­‐2017
Drought Emergencies and Food Security
•
Increase investment in irrigation to reduce the country’s dependence on rain-fed
agriculture.
•
Strategies to mechanize agriculture, revive cooperatives and farmers unions
and subsidize farm inputs.
•
Emphasis on value addition in the production and supply chain.
Infrastructure
•
Cheaper and adequate electricity; local and regional rail and road networks that
provide safe, efficient and cost effective transport;
•
Adequate water for households and industry; affordable quality housing and
sustainable environmental management.
• Integrate the SDGs for the post 2015.
13/10/2013
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
25

26. Thank you!
26
KENYA
-­‐
SMK
13/10/2013

27. Ali Tauqueer Sheikh
Asia Director, Climate and Development Knowledge
Network (CDKN)
CEO of LEAD Pakistan

28. Robert Zougmoré
West Africa Regional Program Leader
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

29. CCAFS
SIDE
EVENT:
Agriculture
in
Na7onal
Adapta7on
Plans:
Experiences
and
Lessons
Learned
www.ccafs.cgiar.org