Presentations by key speakers during a CCAFS, FAO, SACAU and other partners side event held in Bonn , Germany during #SBSTA 40

2. Advancing readiness to fast-track climate smart
agriculture in Africa
By Manyewu Mutamba
mmutamba@sacau.org
SACAU
Background
• The need to transform agriculture in Africa given CC
• CC now a key area of focus for farmers and others
• Strong collaboration with CCAFS, COMESA, UNECA,
AGN
• Greater recognition of need to involve farmers

3. Recognition of CSA
• Increased appreciation of the need
for action now – CSA
• Major shift required in the way we
farm
• CSA focuses on key elements for
farmers
• Sustainable increase in Productivity
• Increased resilience
• Co-benefits were possibility

4. The challenge is rolling it out at scale
• Key performance areas
• Embrace technology, information
• Time to move beyond the handhoe
• Fix capacity limitations
• Extension
• Research
• Innovative financing frameworks
• Unlock private sector financing
• Work with private sector
• Target the youth

5. Young Farmers Clubs

12. Thank You

13. Fred Kossam
Malawi
AGN Coordinator on Issues Related to Agriculture
6/10/2014 13

14. INTRODUCTION
 All Parties agree that agriculture is integral under UNFCCC
(Art. 2 and 4.1 of the Convention).
 The agriculture sector plays a critical role in food security,
poverty reduction and economic growth (i.e., sustainable
development).
 Agriculture is most vulnerable to climate variability and
climate change.
 The sector is a large emitter of GHGs, responsible for around
14% of global emissions, and has significant potential to
sequester .
 Recognition of the interests of small and marginal farmers and
their traditional knowledge and practices.
 Special nature of agriculture - The link between adaptation
and mitigation.
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15. Why Agriculture
Agriculture holds the key to Africa’s
sustainable and rural development.
80% small scale farmers directly or
indirectly relying on rain-fed agriculture as
a source of livelihood.
Largely contribute to economic
development
 At least 80% of all projects identified in the
NAPAs are in the agriculture sector and now

16. Reflection of Article 4
1. All Parties, taking into account their common but
differentiated responsibilities and their specific national
and regional development priorities, objectives and
circumstances, shall:
(c) Promote and cooperate in the development, application and diffusion,
including transfer, of technologies, practices and processes that control,
reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol in all relevant sectors, including the
energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management
sectors;
(e) Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change;
develop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for coastal zone
management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection and
rehabilitation of areas, particularly in Africa, affected by drought and
desertification, as well as floods.
6/10/2014 16

17. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN THE
NEGOTIATIONS/1
 COP 13: Bali Action Plan 1(b)(iv) – Cooperative sectoral
approaches and sector specific actions to implement art. 4.1(c)
– mitigation.
 Pre-Copenhagen: Parties agreed on a text that recognized
adaptation and mitigation.
 Post-Copenhagen: Parties agreed to protect the agricultural
text agreed upon in Copenhagen.
 EU introduced bunker fuels as part of the equation.
 Developing countries introduced the need to have a general
framework as a preamble to sector specific work.
 Attempts were made to enhance the scope of REDD+ to
include agriculture.
 Agriculture started featuring in NAMA submissions.
6/10/2014 17

18. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN THE
NEGOTIATIONS/2
 COP16 - Cancun: Parties could not agree on the
general framework and as a consequence no decision
on agriculture.
 COP17: Requested SBSTA to consider issues related
to agriculture with the aim of exchanging views and
invited parties and observer organizations to make
submissions (2/CP17, para 75, 76).
 SBSTA38 submission and mandated a in session
workshop Warsaw
6/10/2014 18

19. Agriculture in Warsaw
• In session Workshop in Warsaw with
presentation from IPCC, FAO and Parties
including AGN
• SBSTA 40(June 2014) will consider the
report of the workshop and submissions
• Will determine a way forward

20. AREAS OF DIVERGENCE
Sequencing between adaptation and
mitigation.
Application of the principle of
common but differentiated
responsibilities (CBDR) and
Capabilities on the agricultural sector.
Potential trade implications.
6/10/2014 20

21. Keys Outstanding Issues on
Agriculture and Negotiations
How to address issues of Agriculture
under SBSTA? Should it be through a
Work Program or otherwise?
How to deal with mitigation in
Agriculture under SBSTA?
How to deal with the issues related to
trade and CBDR?
6/10/2014 21

22. Key messages for Africa
• Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to undertake detailed
and in-depth work on Agriculture and Climate Change consistent with its
mandate that and provisions and principles of the convention.
• Assessment of the state of scientific knowledge of climate change impacts on
agriculture and food security, and on how to enhance the adaptation of
agriculture to climate change impacts, while promoting rural development, and
productivity of agricultural systems and food security.
• Identification of innovative, efficient and state-of-the-art technologies and
know-how for improved climate-resilient agricultural production; and advice
on the ways and means of promoting the development and transfer of such
technologies;
• Assessment of capacity needs and support mechanisms to strengthen sub-
national and national scientific programmes, international cooperation in
research and development related to climate change and agriculture as well as
supporting endogenous capacity-building in Africa

23. In Pipe line since 2013
 Three institution ACPC, COMESA CCAF are
supporting the AGN in preparing a Technical paper
 Position Paper
 These need to be ready early next year so that AGN
internalise it.
6/10/2014 23

24.  End
6/10/2014 24

26. Country Climate-Smart
Agriculture Readiness
Frameworks
Gabrielle Kissinger, Lexeme Consulting
Side event: Advancing readiness to fast-track climate smart
agriculture in Africa
SBSTA – Bonn, Germany, 8 June 2014

27. CSA pathway
• Clear on goals and directive
• Adaptation/mitigation synergies
• Work with existing institutional frameworks
• Policy coherence
• Build capacity for resilience

28. Policies included in CCAFS meta-synthesis
Source:Planningclimateadaptationinagriculture.CCAFSReportNo.10

29. Agriculture sector policies attuned to
CSA
• Kenya, Rwanda, South
Africa
• Difficult to amend existing:
Ghana: climate not in six
policy objectives of
agricultural policy
(FASDEPII). Coordinating
body has been appointed
at the national level, no
corresponding bodies exist
at regional/local levels.

30. Adaptation strategies
•National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)
•National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs)

31. NAP integration with development and agric sector plans
Ethiopia The CRGE strategy integrates economic growth, mitigation and
adaptation concerns into a government wide development strategy
under Prime Minister’s Office.
Kenya NCCAP informed mainstreaming of CC into second Medium Term Plan
(MTP 2013-2017) to implement Vision 2030.
Mali New (2010) Environment and Sustainable Development Agency seeks
to mainstream CC objectives into development polices, project,
programmes.
Tanzania The VP’s Office (in 2012), “Guidelines for Integrating Climate Change
Adaptation into National Sectoral Policies, Plans and Programmes of
Tanzania”
Agriculture and NAPs: opportunities for mainstreaming
adaptation into sectoral plans

32. Mitigation strategies
• Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) or
Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS)
– Kenya’s National Climate Change Action Plan +
integrate climate change in the Second Medium-Term
Plan
– Ethiopia: ambitious investment program in dams,
hydropower development, irrigation, water
management, and road building
• Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
(NAMA)
– Is a vehicle to implement LEDS

33. Agriculture: Changes in crop yields given increasing municipal
and industrial and irrigation demands
Ethiopia: Economics of Adaptation to
Climate Change
Source: World
Bank (2010).
Ethiopia -
Economics of
adaptation to
climate
change. Vol. 1.

34. Ethiopia: adaptation/mitigation synergies

35. Related policies: water and energy

36. Thank you!
Gabrielle Kissinger
Principal, Lexeme Consulting
gabrielle@lexemeconsulting.com

38. Advancing readiness to fast-track climate
smart agriculture in Africa
SBSTA 40 Side Event
8 June, 2014
Henry Neufeldt
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Reaching Millions of farmers with CSA in
Africa; 5-6-7 NGO Network

39. What is the Global Alliance on
Climate-Smart Agriculture?
The Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture is a voluntary
coalition that will bring together governments, farmers, fishers
and forest user groups, civil society, the private sector and
research institutions to focus on the knowledge, investment
and enabling environment required to make agriculture part of
the solution to climate change, with a focus on supporting 2.5
billion people who rely on smallholder agriculture.

40. Roadmap to a Global Alliance on
Climate-Smart Agriculture
• Meetings of the CSA Alliance in The Hague (2010, Oct 2013),
Hanoi (2012), Johannesburg (Dec 2013), Abu Dhabi (May
2014)
• The African CSA Alliance Workshop 31 March to 2 April 2014
• Regional consultation focused on ‘enabling environment’ in
Hanoi, 9-11 June
• Next global CSA Alliance conference to be held in The Hague,
9-11 July
• Launch of the Global Alliance on Climate-Smart Agriculture
by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the World Summit
on Climate Change in New York, 23 September

41. Initiatives that could be shared at the
Climate Change Summit
• An African Climate-Smart Agriculture initiative is being designed
by NEPAD and NGO partners to enable 25 million smallholder
farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture by 2025
• The Climate and Clean Air Coalition’s (CCAC) Agriculture initiative
with three focus areas (reducing methane release in livestock
production and in rice-growing, as well as restricting black
carbon production through open burning
• The quality and timeliness of weather, climate & hydrological
information for farmers
• The “Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme” (ASAP)
managed by IFAD as one of the existing initiatives implementing
climate-smart agriculture

42. Partnerships for Scaling
Climate-smart Agriculture (P4S)
Hoogeveen

43. ResearchinDevelopment

44. 7 development
partners using our
approach for better
programing
2 million farming
households practicing
CSA
Map of the
Investment
Terrain
Enhanced
Web-portal
Co-
developed
Analytic
Tools
Co-learning
Partnerships

45. Developing a system for prioritizing
climate-smart agriculture practices
• CCAFS is currently compiling a database of CSA technologies and
practices that exist around the world
• Further research is needed to:
• Develop relevant metrics for food security, adaption and
mitigation, and provide key indicators for CSA and integration
between datasets
• Connect different social-ecological systems and relevant scales

46. Vision
25-25
Expansion
of CSA in
Africa

47. Optimizing CSA
among its different
components

48. Developing a system for prioritizing
climate-smart agriculture practices

49. Farming systems of Africa
(Garrity et al. 2012)

54. Outlook on funding opportunities
for investment in CSA in Africa
CCAFS Side Event on ‘Advancing readiness to
fast-track climate smart agriculture in Africa’
Bonn, Germany, 8 June 2014, SBSTA 40
Evans Njewa
MALAWI
6/10/2014 54

55. 1) The need for climate finance for
agriculture
 Q5 - How can countries mobilize climate
finance and encourage private investment for
agriculture and rural development at all levels
and scales?
 Potential funding sources for agricultural
adaptation and mitigation activities are available
both within and outside of the UNFCCC
mechanisms.
 Smallholder farmers often lack access to
investments, knowledge and information.
6/10/2014 55

56. 2) Resources under the Convention
 Article 4 paragraphs 3 – 10: Developed
country Parties (Annex II Parties) shall
provide financial resources to assist
developing country Parties in
implementing the Convention.
 Article 11 of the Kyoto Protocol also
recognizes this need
6/10/2014 56

57. 3) Resources under the Convention
 The Least Developed Countries Fund
(LDCF)
 The adaptation window of the Special
Climate Change Fund (SCCF)
 Adaptation Fund - almost all of the 18
Adaptation Fund projects by LDCs
involve agriculture and food security in
some way.
 The Green Climate Fund
6/10/2014 57

58. 4) Potential sources outside of the Convention
 The IFAD Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture
Programme (ASAP),
 The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and
Recovery (GFDRR),
 COMESA, ICRAF, NEPAD,World bank and FAO
 The Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR)
 ODA - a major source in Africa
 The Strategic Climate Fund (SCF), by a
consortium of multilateral development banks
 The EU’s Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA)
6/10/2014 58

59. Domestic investment
 National government budgets or private
sources - commercial lending, or contract
farming.
 Private investment through their Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) programs
6/10/2014 59

60. Other initiatives
◦ Results-based incentives, such as Payment for
Environmental Services (PES),
◦ Microfinance institutions - crop insurance
◦ Carbon markets - US$43 – $58 m pa,AFOLU sector
◦ Public private partnerships (PPPs), E.G. the French
PROPARCO, invested EUR 30 million in CDC Climat,
◦ American Carbon Registry (ACR), Climate Action Reserve
(CAR)
◦ -Philanthropic funding - private foundations and
international NGOs - Rockefeller Foundation, the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, The Howard G. Buffett
Foundation, CARE, Oxfam, Conservation International, are
joining with national NGOs and farmer organizations to
invest in climate-smart agriculture.
6/10/2014 60

61. Challenges -Tracking flows of funding may be complex
 Conditionality
 Double counting
 Several tiers of disbursement
 Uncertainty regarding international public funding
sources.
 Access to credit - a substantial barrier
 Loans, grants, or credit guarantees???
 Distinction between adaptation and mitigation activities
is often unclear
 Standardization of data –bundling of forestry and
fisheries
6/10/2014 61

62.  I THANKVERY MUCH FORYOUR
ATTENTION
6/10/2014 62