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Chapter 2 The Constitution and it’s framing. Lesson Plans 1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution. 2. The revolution 3. Articles of Confederation 4. Constitutional Convention 5. Key Figures 6. Compromises 7. Amendments Enlightenment and the Country’s founding The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment. One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality. Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason. Locke v Hobbes Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature. Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this. Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions. This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid. Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy. Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution. The Revolution The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England). The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia. To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists. Colonists demanded representation in Parliament. Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint) The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods. Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.” The Revolution cont. These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies. The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England. This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed” This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves. Articles of Confederation Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation. The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution. A confede ...

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(1) Please explain how the Constitution provides for a system of separation of powers and checks and balances. Provide a fully developed essay of at least 500 words, and cite sources used (2) Describe how a bill becomes a law at the national level, in a fully developed essay of at least 500 words Top of Form Top of Form · View · Preferences Prev | Table Of Contents | Next WEEK 1: FEDERALISM » Part 1: Foundations of American Government WEEK 1: FEDERALISM Part 1: Foundations of American Government Lesson 1, Part 1: Foundations of American Government "Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth." -George Washington · The Declaration of Independence · The U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights · The Enlightenment and Political Philosophy Expected Outcomes To understand the philosophical principles behind the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and how these principles influence the structure and process of government. Overview The United States, as a nation, was born of the American Revolution of 1776. This revolution cut the political ties between England and its American colonies. Many "Americans" living in the colonies had complained about harsh British rule. King George of England had ruled over the colonies with a heavy hand, increasing taxes with the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, for example. These abuses began to divide the "patriots" in favor of independence and the "loyalists" in favor of the English Crown. Tensions between the American colonials and British soldiers boiled over in the Boston Massacre, when a mob harassed British soldiers, who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three, mortally wounding two others, and injuring six. Another famous incident which helped inspire the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party of 1773, launched as a protest to the British Tea Act. This Act gave the British East India Company a tea monopoly, shutting out American traders. Bostonians disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, then boarded the British ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor. Two years later, in 1775, there were more serious conflicts between colonials and British troops: the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the prelude for a full conflict. The American Revolutionary War was long, bloody and ended with the French-assisted victory of the American Continental Army in Yorktown in 1781. An understanding of American government and politics should consider two documents related to this war and its aftermath. The first is the Declaration of Independence, which launched the American Revolutionary War; and the second is the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the post-war Articles of Confederation and which remains the highest law of the land. This lesson analyzes these documents, noting how they were part of a trans-Atlantic Enlightenment movement with emphasis on reason, freethinking, natural law, popular sovereignty, and human ...

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# 153120 Cust: Cengage Au: Dautrich Pg. No. 54 Title: The Enduring Democracy, 4e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4carliSle Publishing Services 3 Federalism Chapter The national cemetery at Gettysburg, where states’ rights were contested most violently in 1863. 53048_ch03_ptg01_hr_054-075.indd 54 09-11-2014 09:16:12 # 153120 Cust: Cengage Au: Dautrich Pg. No. 55 Title: The Enduring Democracy, 4e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4carliSle Publishing Services Federalism T he term federal comes from the Latin foedus, which means a covenant, or an agreement linking different entities. A federal (or federated) system of government is one in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political subunits. Both types of government are linked in order to provide for the pursuit of common ends; at the same time, each government maintains its own integrity. Federalism, the doctrine underlying such a system, generally requires the existence of a central government tier and at least one ma- jor subnational tier of governments (usually referred to as “states” or “provinces”). Each tier is then assigned its own significant government powers. What may sound simple in the abstract has proven quite difficult in practice. How exactly does a political system divide sovereignty between two thriving branches of government without creating animosities among the com- peting branches that may threaten to undermine the system in the first place?De nn ie C od y/ Th e Im ag e Ba nk /G et ty Im ag es Learning Objectives 3.1 What Is FederalIsm? • Define federalism and compare it to other forms of government, including con- federations and unitary systems of government • Explain how the Constitution differentiates between federal government powers, state government powers, and concurrent powers • Describe the powers accorded to Congress under Article I • Explain the significance of the supremacy clause, the preemption doctrine, and the full faith and credit clause of Article IV in distributing sovereignty 3.2 the hIstory oF amerICan FederalIsm • Define the five eras of American federalism and assess the role played by the Supreme Court in articulating state–federal relations during each era • Evaluate different forms of federalism (layer-cake federalism versus marble- cake federalism) in the modern era 3.3 Why FederalIsm? advantages and dIsadvantages • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of federalism in terms of fairness and accountability WATCH & LEARN for American Government Watch a brief “What Do You Know?” video summarizing Federalism. 53048_ch03_ptg01_hr_054-075.indd 55 09-11-2014 09:16:26 56 57 # 153120 Cust: Cengage Au: Dautrich Pg. No. 56 Title: The Enduring Democracy, 4e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4carliSle Publishing Services Now Although Congress often injects itself.

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Top of Form Lesson 1, Part 1: Foundations of American Government "Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth." -George Washington · The Declaration of Independence · The U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights · The Enlightenment and Political Philosophy Expected Outcomes To understand the philosophical principles behind the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and how these principles influence the structure and process of government. Overview The United States, as a nation, was born of the American Revolution of 1776. This revolution cut the political ties between England and its American colonies. Many "Americans" living in the colonies had complained about harsh British rule. King George of England had ruled over the colonies with a heavy hand, increasing taxes with the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, for example. These abuses began to divide the "patriots" in favor of independence and the "loyalists" in favor of the English Crown. Tensions between the American colonials and British soldiers boiled over in the Boston Massacre, when a mob harassed British soldiers, who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three, mortally wounding two others, and injuring six. Another famous incident which helped inspire the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party of 1773, launched as a protest to the British Tea Act. This Act gave the British East India Company a tea monopoly, shutting out American traders. Bostonians disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, then boarded the British ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor. Two years later, in 1775, there were more serious conflicts between colonials and British troops: the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the prelude for a full conflict. The American Revolutionary War was long, bloody and ended with the French-assisted victory of the American Continental Army in Yorktown in 1781. An understanding of American government and politics should consider two documents related to this war and its aftermath. The first is the Declaration of Independence, which launched the American Revolutionary War; and the second is the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the post-war Articles of Confederation and which remains the highest law of the land. This lesson analyzes these documents, noting how they were part of a trans-Atlantic Enlightenment movement with emphasis on reason, freethinking, natural law, popular sovereignty, and human equality. Many of these ideas are visible in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. These ideas provided the ideological and philosophical framework for the American Revolution. After the expulsion of the English monarchy, the Articles of Confederation - in effect from 1776 to 1787 - turned the former colonies into largely autonomous states with a weak federal government. However, many people thought that this decentralized system did not solve the problem of providing for a common defense or for ...

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