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All Ceramic Restorations
1.
2. 1789- First porcelain denture
› De Chemant, French
dentist
-Expensive $$
1903- Introduced the first
porcelain “jacket” crown
› Dr. Land
-Process, bonding
1950’s- PFM crown
› Dr. Weinstein
-Esthetics, bonding
3. 1965- First all ceramic crown
› Dr. McLean & Hughes
+ 2X stronger vs. PJC
- Opaque
1980’s- Pressed all ceramic
crowns
› Dr. Horn/Simonsen
Introduction to bonded
restorations
1990’s- CAD/CAM
2020’s- ??
4. Comes from the Greek word “keramos” meaning “burnt
earth”
Earth material -> Mold- > Heated- > Cooled
Earliest ceramics date back 20,000 yrs (China)
Ceramic- compound of inorganic, non-metallic
materials made by the heating of raw minerals at high
temperatures
Ceramics in dentistry > 200 years
Porcelain is a type of ceramic
6. Esthetics is the primary indication for ACR’s
All ceramic materials closely mimics the optical properties of natural
tooth structure.
Translucency: Can light penetrate the material?
› Enamel =70% / Dentin= 30% (source of color)
› Translucency= “lifelike” appearance
All-ceramic materials exhibit superior optical properties compared
to PFM restorations. (Michalakis et al. 2004)
7. Ceramic’s are biocompatible,
essentially bio-inert.
› No cellular/tissue response
Zirconia Implants
Zirconia in hip-
replacement therapy
Certain metal alloys are not
completely biocompatible
which may create:
Gingival inflammation
Tissue discoloration
Release of metallic
ions
Allergies
Rare (4-11%)
8. “Today’s philosophy is to NOT remove any healthy tooth
structure unless absolutely necessary” (McLaren et al.
Compendium. 2010)
“The most common complication with single MCR is the
need for endodontic therapy” (Goodacre et al. J Prosthet
Dent. 2003 )
“Bonding makes it possible to preserve as much tooth
structure as possible while satisfying the patients restorative
needs and esthetic desires” (Strassler, HE. Gen Dent. 2007)
9. The strength of ceramic materials
is measured by the materials
flexural strength (MPa)
› ACR’s ranges 65-1500 MPa
How much occlusal force can we
generate?(Calderon et al. 2006)
Anterior teeth ~200N
Posterior teeth ~500N
Bruxers > 500N
Monolithic vs. metal-ceramic?
› Porcelain Fractures ( ~70Mpa)
Resin bonded cements help by
increasing the fracture resistance
of the restoration
27. These types of ceramics contain NO glass particles!
› No glass = No etch!!
High strength ceramics are polycrystalline structures.
› Why?
Strength (less susceptible to fracturing)
Usually used as a core w/ porcelain veneered
Two types:
› Alumina (1990’s)
› Zirconia (2000’s)
Leucite Zirconia
35. Limited interocclusal space
› Deep overbite
› Short clinical crowns (2nd
molars)
Heavy occlusal forces
› History bruxism
Sub-ginvival preparations
› If you’re relying on bonding
Darkened tooth structures or cores
› May need PFM or Zirconia coping
36. Glass-ceramic crowns have shown similar success rates to
conventional MCR’s.
› >94% success rate at 10 yrs.
IPS emax (lithium Disilicate)
› Pressed : ~98% Success rate at 10 years.
› CAD/CAM: ~97% Success rate at 5 years.
High Strength Ceramics (Zirconia)
› CAD/CAM: ~ 93 Success rate at 5 years. (#1 failure = chipping)
Fracture and chipping of all-ceramic restorations are similar to those
of MCR’s. Monolithic crowns seem the way to go!!
No one ceramic material is “the best”, based on individual case
selection
37. Holloway, Spear. Which all ceramic system is optimal for anterior esthetics.
JADA. 2008.
Nicholas et al. Optical Behavior of Current All Ceramic Systems. Int Journal of
Periodontics and Restorative Dent. 2005
Nazirkar et al. An Evaluation of Two Modern All-Ceramic Crowns and their
comparison with Metal Ceramic Crowns in terms of the Translucency and
Fracture Strength. Int Jour of Dental Clinic. 2011
Misrahi. The Anterior All-Ceramic Crown: A Rationale For the Choice of
Ceramic and Cement. British Dental Journal.2008.
Michalakis et al. Light Transmission of Post and Cores Used for the Anterior
Esthetic Region. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2004
Mclaren, Whiteman. Ceramics: Rational for Material Selection. Compendium.
November-December 2010.
Levi et al. Allergic Reactions Associated with Metal Alloys in PFM fixed
prosthodontic devices- A Systematic Review. Quintessence Int. 2012.
Powers et al. Guide to All Ceramic Bonding. Dental Advisor. 2010.
Blatz et al. Resin-Ceramic Bonding: a review of the literature. Jour of
Prosthetic Dentistry. 2003.
IPS e.max Scientific Report, vol. 01 / 2001-2011.