9. 7. Hundred Years’ War
C: Between 1337 and 1453, France and England
fought a series of wars. This conflict changed the way
wars were fought and shifted power from the feudal
lords to monarchs and the common people.
11. 9. crossbow
A: A medieval weapon made up of a wooden stock
(which had a groove to direct the arrow’s flight) and
operated by a trigger.
12. 10. bubonic plague
D: Also known as the Black Death. The plague
swept across Asia in the 1300s and reached Europe in
1347. The deaths of so many people led to sweeping
economic and social changes.
14. 11. How did the Black Death start and where do they
think it originated from?
The Black Death began by a bacteria in fleas. These
fleas were on rats that were on many trade ships.
These ships docked at various ports and that is how
the Black Death spread rapidly throughout Europe
and Asia.
Historians believe it started in Central Asia, probably
China.
15. 12. Which group was blamed for the spread of the
disease? Why was this group blamed for the disease?
Jews were blamed for this disease because their
living conditions were much cleaner than that of
Christians. These clean living conditions attracted less
rats which is a reason why the Jews were less likley
to become infected with the Black Death.
16. 13. Why did the plague shift economically
and socially?
The Plague shifted economically because many of the
people that survived the plague were able to ask for
more wages and better working conditions.
The Plague shifted socially because the lower class
people went up in the social hierarchy because they
had more money to live better lives.
17. 14. How does the evidence of the black plague starting in
a city known for its trading, help support the historians’
theory of how it spread?
Since the Black Death started in Europe at the city of
Kaffa which is off the coast of the Black Sea, the
historians’ theory of the Black Death came from
infected rats onboard Trade ships is most likely
accurate.
18. 15. How did the bubonic plague help bring down
feudalism?
The Bubonic Plague brought down feudalism because
it allowed lower class citizens to ask for higher wages
and better working conditions. The feudal hierarchy
basically became non-existent.
20. 16. What were some of the reasons why
the barons/lords were upset with king john?
King John lost many of England’s lands to France. He
would raise taxes to replenish his treasury and he
would throw people in jail for no apparent reason
just to collect a fine for their release.
King John also put people’s “afterlife” in jeopardy
because he would fight with the church and then the
church excommunicated him.
21. 17. What two groups were now allowed to join King
Edward I’s model parliament?
The two groups that were now allowed in King Edward
I’s model parliament are: commoners and low ranking
clergy members.
22. 18. How did the Magna Carta help bring down feudalism?
The Magna Carta helped bring down feudalism because
it set limits to a king’s power and the king now had to
answer to a panel of lords/barons as well as church
officials before any new laws or other important issues
that could affect England.
24. 19. Why was the Hundred Years’ War fought?
The Hundred Years’ War was fought because France
lost lands to England and France wanted them back.
25. 20. Why were the English at an advantage over the French in
the early stages of the Hundred Years’ War?
The English were at an advantage because of the use
of longbows and lighter armor. These new military
tactics made the English more successful during many
battles in the Hundred Years’ War.
26. 21. How did the Hundred Years’ War help bring down
feudalism?
The Hundred Years’ War helped bring down feudalism
because these wars shifted the control away from the
lords and gave it back to the king as well as the
commoners.
The notion of a paid army came into existence during
the Hundred Years’ War.
