The short answer is yes. The extraordinary success of Karl Ove Knausgård and Elena Ferrante in recent years is proof that fiction from other lands has a global following. Last year a new report from Literature Across Frontiers (LAF) finally put some figures on this. The statistics show a steady growth of literary translations over the past two decades, both in absolute numbers and as a share of the whole. The number of literary translations into English grew by two-thirds between 1990 and 2012, accounting for a peak of 5.23% of the whole in 2011 against an average of just 3%. Specialist foreign-fiction publishers, such as Quercus, Pereine and Pushkin, have all sprung up in the past decade or so.

1. ELEMENTS
OF FASHION
By Sunil Talekar,

2. WHAT IS THE ELEMENT OF FASHION?
• The components and elements in any apparel
which gives a fashion look to that are
elements of fashions.
• Like in shirt the elements of fashions are
* collar
* cuff
* placket
* pocket
* Yoke

3. FUNDAMENTALS OF
FASHION

4. HAUTE COUTURE
• French for “Fine Tailoring”
• Design that predominated until the
1950’s
• Made for the individual customer,
look and fit take priority over the cost
of materials and the time it takes to
make
• The most costly garments, ranging
from $2,000-$40,000.
• High price guarantees you have a
one of a kind outfit or gown that fits
you perfectly and has been designed
with you in mind.

5. DESIGNER LABEL
• A cross between couture and
mass market
• Not made for individual
customers, but great care is taken
in the choice and cut of the fabric.
• These clothes are made with high
quality materials and mass
produced only in small quantities
to guarantee exclusivity.
• They are costly.
• Examples: Donna Karan, Yves St
Laurent, Gucci

6. MASS MARKET
• Clothes to cater to a wide range of
customers, producing ready-to-wear
clothes in large quantities and
standard sizes.
• Less costly materials and
construction techniques, creatively
used, produce affordable high street
fashion.
• Standardized sizing is used, trims
and notions are scaled down but still
try to keep the look of Designer or
Haute Couture.
• Other names for mass market: ready-
to-wear, off-the rack
• Examples: Old Navy, Gap,
Abercrombie and Fitch, H&M

7. A FASHION YEAR
Two main
seasons
Spring &
Summer
Autumn &
Winter

8. LIGHTWEIGHT FABRICS IN SUMMER

9. HEAVIER FABRICS IN WINTER
Both require a different fashion look and a new range of colors and fabric designs for the time of
year.

10. THE PLAN...
Designers work a year in
advance
In the spring, the studio
works for the
spring/summer of the
following year
Once a collection is
finished, on to the next!

11. THE PLAN...
Research
Each collection is
researched so that’
• all the items in it
complement each
other,
• will be in style,
• and have the
particular look for
which the company
is known for.

12. THE PLAN...
Predicting Trends
• A designers most
difficult task is
forecasting what will
be in style for the
coming years.

13. THE PLAN...
Predicting Trends
• To do this, they
know the past
trends and look at
repeats. They also
purchase HIGH
priced trend
magazines.

14. THE PLAN...
Predicting Trends
• Additionally they
observe what
succeeded with
customers in the
past.

15. THEME
A designer selects a theme that represents their collection. It can be a period in
history, a foreign place, a range of colors, a type of fabric…

16. THEME

17. • A Mood Board is a summary of your collection’s
inspiration and theme.
• It’s a design tool that will help you remain focused
and consistent as your line develops.
• It’s also a great communication aid when explaining
your vision to others (retailers, media etc.).
• Magazine tears, fabric swatches, old photos, buttons,
ribbons; basically any visual reference you desire are
mounted onto a hard board. Be sure to give your
story board a title, like a book or film”.
WHAT IS MOOD BOARD

18. 1. Research: Go to galleries, exhibition, watch the music videos,
the latest fashion show, street fashion, specialty magazines from
different part of the world (fashion, architecture, design…), go to
boutiques.
HOW TO MAKE MOOD BOARD
2. Take pictures of objects, scene and store front. Create a “mise
en scene” related to your theme.
3. Write down a few thematic keywords you want to have in your
design.
4. Combine two theme to create something new. Example: Punk
and Aristocrat, Urban and Cosmic…

19. 5. The presentation must be strongly themed, capturing the mood
in a nut shell and should always be accompanied by a title. This
can be determined by the fabrics: Natural Linens, the season:
Summer Blues, or the merchandise: Metamorphosis…
HOW TO MAKE MOOD BOARD
6. Cut out pictures that inspired you. Use anything you can find
from magazines, your pc or mac, tissue paper, feathers, foil,
string, fabric etc., books (not just fashion), your own photographs
and collect fabric and paint swatches. But DONT go overboard,
this can look messy.

20. 7. Use a large sized board ( example 24”x18”) to lay out your
images, your color swatches, fabrics and buttons…. This allow
you to show a complete idea.
HOW TO MAKE MOOD BOARD
8. Extract from the large board the essence of your theme. At this
point usually use Photoshop + scanning and a smaller board.
9. Take a step back and critically look at what you’ve created to
see if it matches your keywords and theme you defined earlier.
10. Show your mood board to 2 other people (from different
social circles (two friend might give the same answers, but a
friend and a peer might come up with totally different critiques).

21. MOOD BOARD

22. MOOD BOARD

23. MOOD BOARD

24. Designing
• After the groundwork is completed for the nature of the
collection, the designer must decide how many and what
types of garments should be included in the collection.
• Usually, they have a three month period to design, produce
and publicize the collection in time for their fashion show.
• Press and buyers get their first look at the collection at the
show
THE COLLECTION

25. THE RANGE...

26. DETAILING...
DETAILING...

27. THE DESIGN
Steps
• Designers work differently to put the design ideas together:
some sketch, drape fabric on a dress stand, or use patterns
from previous seasons
• Create a paper pattern
• Make a muslin sample
• Try it on (a dress stand or live model) adjustments are made
When fit is right, a professional pattern cutter makes an
accurate pattern
• A sample item is made in the fashion fabric, then produced
in various colors
• Fashion show: reveals the finished designs in their most
attractive state

28. MEASUREMENTS

29. CONTINUE