History of Architecture

1. Prepared by:
ARCHT. JEYCARTER A.TILOY, UAP
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

2.  The Early Period (1492- 1556). Plateresque
notable for the grafting of Renaissance details on to Gothic f0rms and was
influenced by the exuberant fancy of Moorish art.Thus there had been
produced by this time a style as rich and poetic as any in Europe, commonly
known as the 'Plateresque' (plateria =- silverwork)
 Classical Period ( 1556-1690).
marked by a closer adherence to Italian Renaissance art.
PLATERESQUE- a phase of the Early period of Spanish
architecture of the later 15th and early 16th century, an
intricate style named after its likeness to
silver work.

3.  Baroque Period (1650-1750) Churrigueresque
characterized by a reaction from the correct and frigid formalism
observed by Herrera and his followers.There was no single
version to which all designers of the day adhered. Classical rules
was disregarded.The earlier Baroque show some relationship to
central Italy and a fantastically extravagant expression, the
'churrigueresque' developed in the late seventh century and
continued to mid-eighteenth; due to a family of architects led by
Jose de Churriguera (1650-1723).
 The ANTIQUARIAN PERIOD (1750-1830)
architecture turned more and more towards ancient classical models
at this time
CHURRIGUERESQUE - an expression of Spanish Baroque architecture and sculpture
associated with the churriguera family of artists and architects, but not inharmonious,
decorative exuberance. In architecture a recurrent feature was the richly garlanded
spiral column.

4. historyofarchitecture
SPAIN & PORTUGAL
EARLY PERIOD (1492 to 1556 AD)
• Grafting Renaissance details unto Gothic forms
In Spain:
• Plateresque, rich and poetic style, so named for its
similarity to silversmiths' work – plateria
• Influenced by Moorish art - extremely florid and
decorative, from the minuteness of detail
in Portugal:
• Manueline Style (from King Manuel I, 1495 to 1521 AD)
• Decorative rather than structural in character, inspired by
the voyages of discoverers
CLASSICAL PERIOD (1556 to 1690 AD)
• Close adherence to Italian Renaissance art
BAROQUE PERIOD (1650 to 1750 AD)
• Classical rules disregarded
• Churrigueresque, fantastically extravagant expression,
by Jose de Churriguera, (1650 to 1723 AD)
ANTIQUARIAN PERIOD (1750 to 1830 AD)
• Returned to ancient classical models
The Escorial, Madrid
• Austere group of buildings, composed of the monastery,
college, church and palace with state apartments
The University, Salamanca
• The facade is a Plateresque design masterpiece
• Admirable craftsmanship
Renaissance
PRE-HISTORIC
NEAR EAST
EGYPTIAN
GREEK
ROMAN
EARLY CHRISTIAN
BYZANTINE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
20TH C MODERN
ISLAMIC
INDIAN
CHINESE & JAPANESE
FILIPINO

5. Takes its name from
the curious treatment
of its facade, which is
covered with carved
Scallop Shells.The
windows are few in
number; the small
lower ones are
guarded
with grilles of
elaborate mo~ish
ironwork, while the
upper ones have
carved
panels in lieu of
balconies and are
enriched with heraldic
carvinas.

6. Is a masterpiece of Plateresque
design of admirable
craftsmanship and embodying,
within a Gothic frame, a
number of ltalianate motifs
such as amorini, panelled
pilasters infilled with
arabesques, portrait roundels
and candelabria as well as the
arms of Ferdinand and Isabella
and of CharlesV, all embedded
in a wealth of surface
ornament of Moorish
inspiration.

7. A castle of mixed moorish and Gothic
character, was remodelled by Alonso. De
Covarrubias, the well designed patio had
superimposed corinthian columns in light
arcades of the Early Italian type, the
arches standing upon the column caps
and like the facade which formed a new
front to the old castle, was not richly
sculptured, since the material was granite.
The central entrance was flanked by Ionic
columns surmounted by .statues, and the
elaborate overdoor had a panel carved
with the arms of Charles V.The first
storey windows of the facade, with iron
balconies, were set off by plain wallin,
while the top storey had an unusual
rusticated treatment with a small order on
pedestals, surmounted by a flat
balustraded roof.

9. El Escorial –26 miles NWof Madrid

10. The Escorial

11. The Town ofEscorial
[30 km. Northeast of Madrid]

12. This austere group of buildings on a lonely site, 206 m x 209 m, consists of
monastery, college, church and palace with state apartments.The grand entrance
in the centre of the west front opens into the 'patio de los Reyes', which, lying
between the great courts of the monastery and the college, forms the atrium ot the
church, the latter measuring 100 m x 64 m.To the right of the atrium is the
monastery, with its four courts, each 18.3 m square, surrounded with arcades in
three storeys, beyond which is the 'Patio de los Evangelistas'.To the left of the
Atrium is the college, with its four courts, and beyond this the great court of the
palace is connected with the state apartments,. which project behind the church
and make the plan into the form of a gridiron.Although the church shows Italian
influence, the Spanish character is seen in the position of the choir over a vaulted
vestibule at the west end, which shortens the long arm of the Latin cross, so that
the main building is a Greek cross on plan.The external facades, five stories high
are in great blocks of granite.

14. El Escorial -- Background
( El Escorial was begun in 1563
by Juan Bautista de Toledo, a
Renaissance Spanish
architect who had worked
earlier in Italy, and was
completed after his death in
1567 by Juan de Herrera.

15. ARCHITECTS OF THE
ESCORIAL
Juan Bautista de Toledo Juan de Herrera

16. El Escorial Statistics
( 15 cloisters
( 16 courts
( 14 entrance halls
( 13 oratory
( 300 cells
( 86 stairways
( 9 towers
( 9 pipe organs
( 232 chorus books
( 73 statues
( More than 1,600 scenes
( 11 cisterns
( 88 fountains
( 2,673 windows
( 1,200 doors

17. The Monastery of San Lorenzo

18. The Escorial Palace

19. A Section of the Monastery
& Gardens
( one of the
largest
religious
establishments
in the world.

20. The Monastery Gardens:Close-Up

21. The View of the Countryside from
the Monastery Area

22. PhilipII [r. 1556 – 1598]

23. PhilipII & “Bloody”Mary Tudor

24. The LibraryInside the Monastery
( 4,700
manuscripts
[many
illuminated].
( 40,000 printed
books.

26. Philip II’s Chapel

27. Stairwell Inside the Escorial

28. Ceiling Inside the Escorial

29. A Main Corredor Inside the Escorial

30. The Escorial’s
Library
( Over 4,700 rare
manuscripts.
( Many illuminated
manuscripts.
( Over 45,000
books.

31. Philip II Died in this Bed

32. The Crypt Area

33. The Crypt of Philip II