Knowledge Management in a Combined/Joint Environment
1. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN
A COMBINED/JOINT
ENVIRONMENT
by Cory L. Cannon, CKM
United Nations Command/
Combined Forces Command/
United States Forces Korea
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2. Contents
About the presenter
Knowledge Management Defined
Knowledge Management in Middle East Operations
Knowledge Management in Far East Operations
Failures of Knowledge Management programs
Recommendations
Command Decision-Cycle
Building the Information Flow
Questions
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3. About the Presenter
20 years in United States military (United States Marine Corps &
United States Army Reserves)
Veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation New Dawn,
Operation Inherent Resolve
Has stood up 6 Knowledge Management Offices within the
United States Army, Army Reserves and Combined Joint Task
Force.
Has worked with militaries from over 70 nations in
Combined/Joint Environments
Currently working as a Knowledge Management Specialist at
United Nations Command/ Combined Forces Command/
United States Forces Korea
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4. Knowledge Management Defined within the DoD
Knowledge Management being defined within the U.S. Department of Defense as a
discipline focused on integrating people and processes enabled by tools
throughout the information lifecycle in order to create shared understanding and
increase organizational performance and decision-making.
Four Components
Organization
People
Process
Tools
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5. Knowledge Management in
Middle East Operations
Knowledge Management Office is three years old.
Common Operating Picture (COP) focused – where are the friendlies and where
are the enemies.
Signification Actions Reporting – maintained in a structured database that is
easily quarriable.
Able to make quick, accurate decision – can we hit that facility, what are the
second and third order effects.
Build coalition integration into the process – what expertise can our partners
contribute to the fight.
Battle Rhythm preformed properly maximizes staff time to work prior to
presenting it to a decision maker. If the meeting does not need to be
conducted it is cancelled.
Process and Tools focused.
Looking at Lessons Identified to incorporate into future planning efforts
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6. Knowledge Management in
Far East Operations
Knowledge Management Office is just over three years in operation.
Command is agile in nature, adopted a Battle Rhythm and working on
establishing/chartering appropriate meetings to fit both the decision
makers and the action officers.
Staff sections not embracing KM entirely. Command team (C level
executives) have embraced concept not understanding execution.
Common Operation Picture does not include all staff equities.
Started off tools focused (SharePoint) just starting to get the staff to
understand the process improvement portion of Knowledge Management
Lessons identified is only done for military exercises currently
Just starting to integrate the Korean military and the coalition into the
Knowledge Management processes and policies.
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7. Failures of Knowledge Management programs
No Measurable Results
No Meeting Management
No Lessons Identified System
Organizational Culture not considered or willing to change
No Support from Leadership
Common Operation Pictures does not include all equities
Being tool centric
Lack of KM Strategy
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8. Recommendations
Take a Knowledge Assessment of the OrganizationAssess
Develop a Knowledge Management Strategy
Include a representation from the entire coalition when developing strategy
Develop
Create a Lessons Identified System to include SME locatorLearn
Make Knowledge Measurable - equate to either work hours or return
on investmentMeasure
Look at the short term projects and how they achieve the overall goal
for the organizationAchieve
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12. Battle Rhythm Example
Notes
HHQ
Event
J-Staff C-Staff U-Staff
HHQ Meeting
J Command Board
C Command Board
J Situational Awareness Brief
J Functional Board
Functional Integrating
Board
J Working Group
- Command Board: Up to 3 topics at 20 minutes per topics.
U Command Board
J Functional Board J Functional Board J Functional Board J Functional Board
J Working Group J Planning Team
C Situational Awareness Brief
U Functional Board
J Working Group
J Working Group
U Working GroupC Working Group
U Planning Team
C Planning Team
U Situational Awareness Brief
U Planning Team U Planning Team
C Planning Team
C Working Group
J Planning Team
Cannon, C. (2016). 'Knowledge Management in a Combined/Joint Environment'. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index 118, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 10(10), 1848 - 1851. http://waset.org/publications/10005636/knowledge-management-in-a-combined-joint-environment
* KM Offices: 103d ESC, Des Moines, IA; 451 ESC, Wichita, KS; 8th TSC, HI; 79 TSC, Los Alimedos, CA; CJTF-OIR, Kuwait; UNC/CFC/USFK Yongsan, South Korea.
With over 129 definitions of Knowledge Management that are recognized within the military, academia and business settings this is one of the issues with Knowledge Management is the lack of a singular definition that all communities can get behind. I am proposing the following definition becomes the standard for Knowledge Management in business, academics and military arenas to include the ISO 9001 the definition on the slide
Extra Notes: Army definition of Knowledge management (KM) is the process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and decision making. (Army FM6-01.1 July 2012)
Navy definition of KM is defined as the integration of people and processes, enabled by technology, to facilitate the exchange of operationally relevant information and expertise to increase organizational performance. (Navy DoN CIO 7 March 2014)
Air Force defines KM is the capturing, organizing, and storing of knowledge and experiences of individual workers and groups within an organization and making this information available to others in the organization. (Air Force Policy Directive 33-3, 28 March 2006)
The Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction defines Knowledge Management (KM) is a business approach to integrating people, process and technology. It is a shared role across the Joint Staff to achieving an efficient, timely, knowledge enabled organization. (CJCS 5124.01, 12 April 2013)
Failures of Knowledge Management Programs
For any successful program there are certain criteria that must be meet. Is it measurable, is it cost effective, leadership commitment to the program, and at the end of the day are the decisions being created from this improving my bottom line or staying true to the mission. Over the past couple of decades, Knowledge Management programs have failed (both in military and civilian environments) for multiple reasons.
Measurable Results The lack of ways to measure the success of the program does not lend itself to a self-sustaining program. Not being able to establish the parameters on what defines success. The use of assessments has not been clearly defined throughout the Department of Defense or event within the Joint community when it comes down to how Knowledge Management.
Meeting Management Setting up the way meetings are structured to include what is on the agenda to where the information is flowing out of and flowing into can provide clear structure in terms of how the CEO or the Commander is receiving their information. Meetings should fall into one of the following categories Boards (where decisions are made) Bureaus, Centers, Cells, Working Groups or Planning Teams. To help visualize how topics work through this process an information flow diagram is created. This depicts how meetings are connected along the lines of planning future operations, support and current operations. [2]
Lessons Identified System Should be more than the tool to help identify what lessons were learned from the mission or focus area but include the process and personnel needed to assist in gathering the information and then plug those lessons back into the planning cycle to ensure the same mistakes are not being made and in turn saves time, money and personal energy. The tools of after action reviews, lessons learned network systems
Culture Many times, especially in a Combined/Joint environment the culture that makes up the coalition is not taken into account when developing policies or how to integrate those members into the decision-making cycle. This becomes even more problematic when coming up with a “tools” solution when the bilateral agreements are not signed or agreed upon by the nations needing to access the information. This also comes into play when establishing formats for reporting. This is where agreements must be made on how reports should look
Leadership Not showing the return on investment or showing the value added to the organization when it comes to developing a Knowledge Management program will not get the program the recognition it needs to take on bigger organizational level projects. Getting the buy in from the decision-makers early from picking out a few quick projects that will have long term returns to the company will show the need for the program as well as being able to show how the organization is connected. This becomes more difficult when dealing with multiple cultures and leadership styles.
Tools The reliance on a single tool within Knowledge Management can be a double edge blade. One the one hand it does allow the staff to have the single point of entry to conduct business and staff processes. However, without proper training on how the tool is supposed to be utilized it can clutter the system and make it unmanageable.
Strategy Not knowing how the Knowledge Management fits into the overall mission of the command poses a huge issue with a lot of programs within the military and government. Being able to codify where the program is now and how it will change the organizational mindset of how knowledge is captured and disseminated inside and external to the command becomes values added to the leadership.
REFERENCES
[1] Barnes, S., & Milton, N. (2015). Designing A Successful KM Strategy: A Guide for the Knowledge Management Professional. Medford, New Jersey: Information Today, Inc.
[2] Headquarters Department of the Army. (2015, March 15). Techniques for Effective Knowledge Management. Retrieved from Army Publishing Directorate: http://www.apd.army.mil/Search/ePubsSearch/ePubsSearchDownloadPage.aspx?docID=0902c851800121b5
[3] Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2012, July 30). Joint Task Force Headquarters. Retrieved from Joint Publication 3-33: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_33.pdf
[4] Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2016, February 15). Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Retrieved from Joint Publication 1-02: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf
[5] McChrystal, S., Collins, T., Silverman, D., & Fussell, C. (2015). Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for A Complex World. New York, New York: Penguin Random House LLC.
[6] Pontefract, D. (2013). Flat Army: Creating a Connected and Engaged Organization. Hoboken: Jossey-Bass.
[7] Cannon, C. (2016). 'Knowledge Management in a Combined/Joint Environment'. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index 118, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 10(10), 1848 - 1851. http://waset.org/publications/10005636/knowledge-management-in-a-combined-joint-environment